PBDB Timescale

Permian of China

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view

There are 16 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 42 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of China	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Carboniferous of North America	Permian Subages of Germany	Carboniferous of Western Europe		Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Permian of the Salt Range
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Tertiary †				2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean												3.6
	Miocene	Messinian												5.333
		Tortonian												7.246
		Serravallian												11.63
		Langhian												13.82
		Burdigalian												15.98
		Aquitanian												20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian												27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian												33.9
		Bartonian												37.71
		Lutetian												41.2
		Ypresian												47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian												56
		Selandian												59.2
		Danian												61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
		Campanian												72.1
		Santonian												83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
		Aptian												113
		Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian												125.77
		Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian												139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
		Kimmeridgian												149.2
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Bathonian												165.3
		Bajocian												168.2
		Aalenian												170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
		Pliensbachian												184.2
		Sinemurian												192.9
		Hettangian												199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
		Norian												208.5
		Carnian												227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian												237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian												242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian							Vokhmian					247.2
		Induan												251.2
		Induan											Kathwai	251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Meishanian			Buntsandstein							Kathwai	251.902
														252.4 *
													Chhidru	252.9 *
			Baoqingian											253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian	Laoshanian						Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian		Longtanian †			254.14
													Kalabagh	255 *
													Wargal	256 *
			Laibinian											257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan			Ohre/Aller			Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian					259.51
		Wordian	Kuhfengian			Leine			Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian					264.28
														265.3 *
													Amb	266.1 *
		Roadian							Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian				Amb	266.9
		Roadian							Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian					270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian											273.01
		Artinskian	Luodianian											283.5
		Artinskian	Longlinian	285.4 *
		Sakmarian	Longlinian	290.1
		Asselian	Zisongian	Bursumian †	293.52
		Asselian		Bursumian †	Kuzel		297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Mapingian †			Virgilian	298.9
								300.1
					Stephanian			Stephanian C				300.3 *
								Stephanian B				300.9 *
								Stephanian A				301.4 *
		Kasimovian					Missourian	Stephanian A				303.7
							Missourian	Cantabrian				305 *
							Desmoinesian					305.9 *
		Moscovian										307
					Westphalian			Westphalian D				307.4 *
								Westphalian C				309.8
							Atokan	Westphalian C				312.7 *
								Westphalian B				314.6
		Bashkirian						Westphalian B		315.2
								Westphalian A		317 *
							Morrowan	Westphalian A		318.4 *
					Namurian			Yeadonian		318.8 *
								Marsdenian		320.2 *
								Kinderscoutian		321.5 *
								Alportian		322 *
								Chokierian		323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Chesterian	Chokierian		323.2
								Arnsbergian		324 *
								Pendleian		327.4 *
		Visean			Warnantian			Brigantian †		330.9
					Warnantian		Meramecian	Brigantian †		335.8 *
					Livian			Asbian †		336.3 *
					Moliniacian			Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian		340.2 *
					Moliniacian		Osagean	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian		343.1 *
		Tournaisian			Ivorian		Osagean			346.7
					Ivorian		Kinderhookian			351.9 *
					Hastarian		Kinderhookian			353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian								358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian								372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian								382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian								387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian								393.3
		Pragian								407.6
		Lochkovian								410.8
Silurian	Pridoli									419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian								427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian								433.4
		Aeronian								438.5
		Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								443.8
		Katian								445.2
		Sandbian								453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian								467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian								470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian								477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								485.4
		Jiangshanian								489.5
		Paibian				494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Series 3 †				497
		Drumian							500.5
		Wuliuan							Stage 5 †	504.5
														509