PBDB Timescale

Permian of China

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view

There are 16 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 42 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of China	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Permian of the Pamirs	Carboniferous of North America	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Permian of Western Europe
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							Tertiary †				2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean											3.6
	Miocene	Messinian											5.333
		Tortonian											7.246
		Serravallian											11.63
		Langhian											13.82
		Burdigalian											15.98
		Aquitanian											20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian											27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
		Bartonian											37.71
		Lutetian											41.2
		Ypresian											47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian											56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
		Campanian											72.1
		Santonian											83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
		Aptian											113
		Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian											125.77
		Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian											139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					Oteke	Puaroan					145
		Kimmeridgian					Oteke	Puaroan					149.2
							Kawhia	Ohauan					150
								Heterian					154.5
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Callovian						Temaikan					164.3
		Bathonian											165.3
		Bajocian											168.2
		Aalenian											170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
		Toarcian					Herangi	Ururoan					176
		Pliensbachian						Ururoan					184.2
		Pliensbachian						Aratauran					188.9
		Sinemurian											192.9
		Hettangian											199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					Balfour	Otapirian					201.4
		Norian						Warepan					208.5
								Otamitan					217
								Oretian					221
		Carnian						Oretian					227
		Carnian					Gore	Kaihikuan					227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian						Kaihikuan					237
		Ladinian						Etalian					238
		Anisian						Etalian					242
		Anisian						Malakovian					246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian						Malakovian					247.2
		Olenekian						Nelsonian					249
		Induan						Nelsonian					251.2
		Induan					DUrville	Makarewan					251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Meishanian		Dorashamian			Makarewan					251.902
			Meishanian					Waiitian					253.2
			Baoqingian										253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian	Laoshanian		Dzhulfian					Longtanian †		Zechstein	254.14
			Laoshanian					Puruhauan					254.2
			Laibinian	257.7 *				Puruhauan
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan	Midian	Aparima	Flettian		Rotliegendes		259.51
		Wordian	Kuhfengian			Flettian				264.28
						Barettian				266
				Murgabian						266.2 *
		Roadian		Murgabian						266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian	Kubergandian						273.01
				Kubergandian		Mangapirian				276
				Bolorian						279.8
		Artinskian						Autunian		283.5
						Telfordian				285
			Longlinian							285.4 *
				Yakhtashian						286
				Yakhtashian						288.5
		Sakmarian		Sakmarian						290.1
		Asselian	Zisongian	Asselian						Bursumian †	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Zisongian	Mapingian †						Virgilian	Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Gzhelian							300.1	Virgilian
		Kasimovian							Missourian	303.7
		Kasimovian							Desmoinesian	305.9 *
		Moscovian							Desmoinesian	Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Moscovian							Atokan	Middle Pennsylvanian	312.7 *
		Bashkirian							Atokan	Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
		Bashkirian							Morrowan	Early Pennsylvanian	318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian							Chesterian	Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean							Chesterian	Middle Mississippian	330.9
									Meramecian		335.8 *
									Osagean		343.1 *
		Tournaisian							Osagean	Early Mississippian	346.7
		Tournaisian							Kinderhookian	Early Mississippian	351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian									358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian									372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian									382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian									387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian									393.3
		Pragian									407.6
		Lochkovian									410.8
Silurian	Pridoli										419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian									423
	Ludlow	Gorstian									425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian									427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian									430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian									433.4
		Aeronian									438.5
		Rhuddanian									440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian									443.8
		Katian									445.2
		Sandbian									453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian									458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian									467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian									470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian									477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10									485.4
		Jiangshanian									489.5
		Paibian									494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian									Series 3 †	497
		Drumian										500.5
		Wuliuan					Stage 5 †					504.5
													509