PBDB Timescale

Permian of China

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view

There are 16 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 42 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of China	Carboniferous of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Permian of North America		Ten Million Year Bins	Permian of Western Europe
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan								Cenozoic 6		0
		Northgrippian										0.0042
		Greenlandian										0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										0.0117
		Chibanian										0.129
		Calabrian										0.774
		Gelasian										1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Tertiary †							2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean										3.6
	Miocene	Messinian										5.333
		Tortonian										7.246
		Serravallian								Cenozoic 5		11.63
		Langhian										13.82
		Burdigalian										15.98
		Aquitanian										20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								Cenozoic 4		23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian								Cenozoic 4		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian								Cenozoic 3		33.9
		Bartonian								Cenozoic 3		37.71
		Lutetian								Cenozoic 2		41.2
		Ypresian								Cenozoic 2		47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian								Cenozoic 1		56
		Selandian										59.2
		Danian										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian								Cretaceous 8		66
		Campanian								Cretaceous 7		72.1
		Santonian								Cretaceous 6		83.6
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian								Cretaceous 5		93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian								Cretaceous 4		100.5
		Aptian								Cretaceous 3		113
		Barremian								Cretaceous 2		121.4
		Hauterivian								Cretaceous 2		125.77
		Valanginian								Cretaceous 1		132.6
		Berriasian								Cretaceous 1		139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian								Jurassic 6		145
		Kimmeridgian								Jurassic 5		149.2
		Oxfordian										154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
		Bathonian								Jurassic 4		165.3
		Bajocian								Jurassic 4		168.2
		Aalenian								Jurassic 3		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian								Jurassic 3		174.7
		Pliensbachian								Jurassic 2		184.2
		Sinemurian								Jurassic 1		192.9
		Hettangian								Jurassic 1		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian								Triassic 4		201.4
		Norian								Triassic 4		208.5
		Carnian								Triassic 3		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian								Triassic 2		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian								Triassic 2		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian								Triassic 1		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan								Triassic 1		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Meishanian							Permian 4		251.902
		Changhsingian	Baoqingian									253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian	Laoshanian			Longtanian †					Zechstein	254.14
		Wuchiapingian	Laibinian			Longtanian †					Zechstein	257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan					Capitanian			Rotliegendes	259.51
		Wordian	Kuhfengian					Wordian				264.28
		Roadian	Kuhfengian					Roadian		Permian 3		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian					Leonardian	Cathedralian	Permian 2		273.01
		Kungurian							Hessian			281.9 *
		Artinskian									Autunian	283.5
			Longlinian	285.4 *
				Wolfcampian			Lenoxian	286.1 *
		Sakmarian					Lenoxian	290.1
		Asselian	Zisongian				Nealian	Permian 1	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						Carboniferous 5		298.9
										Xiaodushanian	300 *
											300.1
		Kasimovian									303.7
		Kasimovian								Dalaun	305.8 *
		Moscovian						Carboniferous 4			307
		Bashkirian									315.2
										Huashibanian	318.5 *
										Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						Dewunian		Carboniferous 3	323.2
		Serpukhovian						Shangsian		Carboniferous 3	330.8 *
		Visean						Shangsian		Carboniferous 2	330.9
		Visean						Jiusian		Carboniferous 2	335 *
		Tournaisian						Tangbagouan		Carboniferous 1	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian								Devonian 5	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian								Devonian 4	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian								Devonian 3	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian								Devonian 3	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian								Devonian 2	393.3
		Pragian								Devonian 1	407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8					Devonian 1
Silurian	Pridoli				Silurian 2					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian								427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			Silurian 1					433.4
		Aeronian								438.5
		Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Ordovician 5					443.8
		Katian			Ordovician 5					445.2
		Sandbian			Ordovician 4					453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Ordovician 3					458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			Ordovician 2					467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Ordovician 2					470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			Ordovician 1					477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Cambrian 5					485.4
		Jiangshanian								489.5
		Paibian								494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Series 3 †					Cambrian 4	497
		Drumian								Cambrian 4	500.5
		Wuliuan				Stage 5 †				Cambrian 3	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4								Cambrian 3	509
	Series 2	Stage 3								Cambrian 2	514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2								Cambrian 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian								Cambrian 1	529
												538.8