PBDB Timescale

Permian of China

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view

There are 16 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 42 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of China	Carboniferous of China	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Permian of the Russian Platform		Carboniferous of North America	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Tertiary †								2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean													3.6
	Miocene	Messinian													5.333
		Tortonian													7.246
		Serravallian													11.63
		Langhian													13.82
		Burdigalian													15.98
		Aquitanian													20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian													27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian													33.9
		Bartonian													37.71
		Lutetian													41.2
		Ypresian													47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian													56
		Selandian													59.2
		Danian													61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
		Campanian													72.1
		Santonian													83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian													93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
		Aptian													113
		Barremian													121.4
		Hauterivian													125.77
		Valanginian													132.6
		Berriasian													139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			Oteke	Puaroan									145
		Kimmeridgian			Oteke	Puaroan									149.2
					Kawhia	Ohauan									150
						Heterian									154.5
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Callovian				Temaikan									164.3
		Bathonian													165.3
		Bajocian													168.2
		Aalenian													170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
		Toarcian			Herangi	Ururoan									176
		Pliensbachian				Ururoan									184.2
		Pliensbachian				Aratauran									188.9
		Sinemurian													192.9
		Hettangian													199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			Balfour	Otapirian									201.4
		Norian				Warepan									208.5
						Otamitan									217
						Oretian									221
		Carnian				Oretian									227
		Carnian			Gore	Kaihikuan									227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				Kaihikuan									237
		Ladinian				Etalian									238
		Anisian				Etalian									242
		Anisian				Malakovian									246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				Malakovian								Vokhmian	247.2
		Olenekian				Nelsonian									249
		Induan				Nelsonian									251.2
		Induan			DUrville	Makarewan									251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Meishanian			Makarewan									251.902
			Meishanian			Waiitian									253.2
			Baoqingian												253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian	Laoshanian					Longtanian †						Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	254.14
						Puruhauan									254.2
				Tatarian					Vyatkian	256.8 *
			Laibinian						Vyatkian	257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan		Aparima	Flettian			Severodvinian	Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	259.51
		Wordian	Kuhfengian			Flettian			Urzhumian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	264.28
		Wordian				Barettian			Urzhumian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	266
		Roadian		Kazanian					Povolzhian	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	266.9
		Roadian		Kazanian					Sokian	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian	Kungurian					Irenian/Ufimian		273.01
						Mangapirian			Irenian/Ufimian		276
									Filipovian		276.5 *
									Saraninian		280.1 *
		Artinskian		Artinskian					Sarginian		283.5
						Telfordian					285
			Longlinian								285.4 *
									Irginian		285.9 *
									Burtsevian		287.8 *
									Burtsevian		288.5
		Sakmarian		Sakmarian			Sterlitamakian		290.1
		Sakmarian		Sakmarian			Tastubian		291.7 *
		Asselian	Zisongian	Asselian			Shikhanian		Bursumian †		293.52
							Uskalykian				294.8
							Surenian				297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							Virgilian		Mapingian †	298.9
												Xiaodushanian	300 *
													300.1
		Kasimovian							Missourian				303.7
									Missourian			Dalaun	305.8 *
									Desmoinesian				305.9 *
		Moscovian							Desmoinesian				307
		Moscovian							Atokan				312.7 *
		Bashkirian							Atokan				315.2
									Morrowan				318.4 *
												Huashibanian	318.5 *
												Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian							Dewunian			Chesterian	323.2
		Serpukhovian							Shangsian				330.8 *
		Visean							Shangsian				330.9
									Jiusian				335 *
												Meramecian	335.8 *
												Osagean	343.1 *
		Tournaisian							Tangbagouan			Osagean	346.7
		Tournaisian							Tangbagouan			Kinderhookian	351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian											358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian											372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian											382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian											387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian											393.3
		Pragian											407.6
		Lochkovian											410.8
Silurian	Pridoli												419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian											423
	Ludlow	Gorstian											425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian											427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian											430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian											433.4
		Aeronian											438.5
		Rhuddanian											440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian											443.8
		Katian											445.2
		Sandbian											453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian											458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian											467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian											470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian											477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10											485.4
		Jiangshanian											489.5
		Paibian						494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Series 3 †					497
		Drumian											500.5
		Wuliuan											Stage 5 †	504.5
															509