PBDB Timescale

Permian of China

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 16 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 42 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of China	Carboniferous of China	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Carboniferous Subepochs	Permian of Western Europe
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Tertiary †					2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean										3.6
	Miocene	Messinian										5.333
		Tortonian										7.246
		Serravallian										11.63
		Langhian										13.82
		Burdigalian										15.98
		Aquitanian										20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian										27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian										33.9
		Bartonian										37.71
		Lutetian										41.2
		Ypresian										47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian										56
		Selandian										59.2
		Danian										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
		Campanian										72.1
		Santonian										83.6
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian										93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
		Aptian										113
		Barremian										121.4
		Hauterivian										125.77
		Valanginian										132.6
		Berriasian										139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			Oteke	Puaroan						145
		Kimmeridgian			Oteke	Puaroan						149.2
					Kawhia	Ohauan						150
						Heterian						154.5
		Oxfordian										154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
		Callovian				Temaikan						164.3
		Bathonian										165.3
		Bajocian										168.2
		Aalenian										170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
		Toarcian			Herangi	Ururoan						176
		Pliensbachian				Ururoan						184.2
		Pliensbachian				Aratauran						188.9
		Sinemurian										192.9
		Hettangian										199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			Balfour	Otapirian						201.4
		Norian				Warepan						208.5
						Otamitan						217
						Oretian						221
		Carnian				Oretian						227
		Carnian			Gore	Kaihikuan						227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				Kaihikuan						237
		Ladinian				Etalian						238
		Anisian				Etalian						242
		Anisian				Malakovian						246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				Malakovian						247.2
		Olenekian				Nelsonian						249
		Induan				Nelsonian						251.2
		Induan			DUrville	Makarewan						251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Meishanian			Makarewan						251.902
			Meishanian			Waiitian						253.2
			Baoqingian									253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian	Laoshanian					Longtanian †			Zechstein	254.14
			Laoshanian			Puruhauan						254.2
			Laibinian	257.7 *		Puruhauan
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan	Aparima	Flettian			Rotliegendes	259.51
		Wordian	Kuhfengian		Flettian				264.28
		Wordian			Barettian				266
		Roadian							266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian						273.01
		Kungurian			Mangapirian				276
		Artinskian			Mangapirian			Autunian	283.5
					Telfordian				285
			Longlinian		Telfordian				285.4 *
									288.5
		Sakmarian							290.1
		Asselian	Zisongian						293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						Late Pennsylvanian		298.9
										Xiaodushanian	300 *
											300.1
		Kasimovian									303.7
		Kasimovian					Dalaun			305.8 *
		Moscovian						Middle Pennsylvanian		307
		Bashkirian						Early Pennsylvanian		315.2
							Huashibanian			318.5 *
							Lousuan			321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Dewunian	Late Mississippian		323.2
		Serpukhovian					Shangsian	Late Mississippian		330.8 *
		Visean					Shangsian	Middle Mississippian		330.9
		Visean					Jiusian	Middle Mississippian		335 *
		Tournaisian					Tangbagouan	Early Mississippian		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian								358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian								372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian								382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian								387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian								393.3
		Pragian								407.6
		Lochkovian								410.8
Silurian	Pridoli									419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian								427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian								433.4
		Aeronian								438.5
		Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								443.8
		Katian								445.2
		Sandbian								453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian								467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian								470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian								477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								485.4
		Jiangshanian								489.5
		Paibian								494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian								Series 3 †	497
		Drumian									500.5
		Wuliuan				Stage 5 †					504.5
												509