PBDB Timescale

Permian of China

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view

There are 16 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 42 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of China	Carboniferous of China	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Permian of North America		Ten Million Year Bins	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan							Cenozoic 6				0
		Northgrippian											0.0042
		Greenlandian											0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
		Chibanian											0.129
		Calabrian											0.774
		Gelasian											1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Tertiary †			2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean											3.6
	Miocene	Messinian											5.333
		Tortonian											7.246
		Serravallian							Cenozoic 5				11.63
		Langhian											13.82
		Burdigalian											15.98
		Aquitanian											20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							Cenozoic 4				23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian							Cenozoic 4				27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian							Cenozoic 3				33.9
		Bartonian							Cenozoic 3				37.71
		Lutetian							Cenozoic 2				41.2
		Ypresian							Cenozoic 2				47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian							Cenozoic 1				56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							Cretaceous 8				66
		Campanian							Cretaceous 7				72.1
		Santonian							Cretaceous 6				83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian							Cretaceous 5				93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian							Cretaceous 4				100.5
		Aptian							Cretaceous 3				113
		Barremian							Cretaceous 2				121.4
		Hauterivian							Cretaceous 2				125.77
		Valanginian							Cretaceous 1				132.6
		Berriasian							Cretaceous 1				139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			Oteke	Puaroan			Jurassic 6				145
		Kimmeridgian			Oteke	Puaroan			Jurassic 5				149.2
					Kawhia	Ohauan							150
						Heterian							154.5
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Callovian				Temaikan							164.3
		Bathonian							Jurassic 4				165.3
		Bajocian							Jurassic 4				168.2
		Aalenian							Jurassic 3				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
		Toarcian			Herangi	Ururoan							176
		Pliensbachian				Ururoan			Jurassic 2				184.2
		Pliensbachian				Aratauran			Jurassic 2				188.9
		Sinemurian							Jurassic 1				192.9
		Hettangian							Jurassic 1				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			Balfour	Otapirian			Triassic 4				201.4
		Norian				Warepan							208.5
						Otamitan							217
						Oretian							221
		Carnian				Oretian			Triassic 3				227
		Carnian			Gore	Kaihikuan			Triassic 3				227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				Kaihikuan			Triassic 2				237
		Ladinian				Etalian							238
		Anisian				Etalian							242
		Anisian				Malakovian							246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				Malakovian			Triassic 1				247.2
		Olenekian				Nelsonian							249
		Induan	251.2			Nelsonian
		Induan	DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan	Meishanian	Permian 4	251.902
				Waiitian	Meishanian		253.2
					Baoqingian		253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian			Laoshanian		Longtanian †	254.14
				Puruhauan	Laoshanian			254.2
				Puruhauan	Laibinian			257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan	Aparima	Flettian		Capitanian		259.51
		Wordian	Kuhfengian		Flettian		Wordian		264.28
		Wordian			Barettian		Wordian		266
		Roadian				Roadian	Permian 3		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian			Leonardian	Cathedralian		Permian 2		273.01
					Mangapirian		Cathedralian				276
							Hessian				281.9 *
		Artinskian									283.5
					Telfordian						285
			Longlinian								285.4 *
						Wolfcampian	Lenoxian				286.1 *
											288.5
		Sakmarian									290.1
		Asselian	Zisongian				Nealian		Permian 1		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							Carboniferous 5		298.9
											Xiaodushanian	300 *
										300.1
		Kasimovian								303.7
		Kasimovian								Dalaun	305.8 *
		Moscovian							Carboniferous 4		307
		Bashkirian									315.2
										Huashibanian	318.5 *
										Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian							Dewunian	Carboniferous 3	323.2
		Serpukhovian							Shangsian	Carboniferous 3	330.8 *
		Visean							Shangsian	Carboniferous 2	330.9
		Visean							Jiusian	Carboniferous 2	335 *
		Tournaisian							Tangbagouan	Carboniferous 1	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian								Devonian 5	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian								Devonian 4	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian								Devonian 3	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian								Devonian 3	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian								Devonian 2	393.3
		Pragian								Devonian 1	407.6
		Lochkovian								Devonian 1	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli									Silurian 2	419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian									423
	Ludlow	Gorstian									425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian									427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian									430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian								Silurian 1	433.4
		Aeronian									438.5
		Rhuddanian									440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								Ordovician 5	443.8
		Katian								Ordovician 5	445.2
		Sandbian								Ordovician 4	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								Ordovician 3	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian								Ordovician 2	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian								Ordovician 2	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian								Ordovician 1	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								Cambrian 5	485.4
		Jiangshanian									489.5
		Paibian									494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian								Cambrian 4	Series 3 †	497
		Drumian								Cambrian 4		500.5
		Wuliuan						Cambrian 3		Stage 5 †		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4						Cambrian 3				509
	Series 2	Stage 3						Cambrian 2				514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2						Cambrian 2				521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian						Cambrian 1				529
													538.8