PBDB Timescale

Permian of China

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view

There are 16 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 42 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of China	Carboniferous of China	Permian of the Russian Platform		Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ten Million Year Bins	Permian of the Salt Range	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan								Cenozoic 6				0
		Northgrippian												0.0042
		Greenlandian												0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												0.0117
		Chibanian												0.129
		Calabrian												0.774
		Gelasian												1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Tertiary †							2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean												3.6
	Miocene	Messinian												5.333
		Tortonian												7.246
		Serravallian								Cenozoic 5				11.63
		Langhian												13.82
		Burdigalian												15.98
		Aquitanian												20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								Cenozoic 4				23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian								Cenozoic 4				27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian								Cenozoic 3				33.9
		Bartonian								Cenozoic 3				37.71
		Lutetian								Cenozoic 2				41.2
		Ypresian								Cenozoic 2				47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian								Cenozoic 1				56
		Selandian												59.2
		Danian												61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian								Cretaceous 8				66
		Campanian								Cretaceous 7				72.1
		Santonian								Cretaceous 6				83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian								Cretaceous 5				93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian								Cretaceous 4				100.5
		Aptian								Cretaceous 3				113
		Barremian								Cretaceous 2				121.4
		Hauterivian								Cretaceous 2				125.77
		Valanginian								Cretaceous 1				132.6
		Berriasian								Cretaceous 1				139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian								Jurassic 6				145
		Kimmeridgian								Jurassic 5				149.2
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Bathonian								Jurassic 4				165.3
		Bajocian								Jurassic 4				168.2
		Aalenian								Jurassic 3				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian								Jurassic 3				174.7
		Pliensbachian								Jurassic 2				184.2
		Sinemurian								Jurassic 1				192.9
		Hettangian								Jurassic 1				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian								Triassic 4				201.4
		Norian								Triassic 4				208.5
		Carnian								Triassic 3				227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian								Triassic 2				237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian								Triassic 2				242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian								Triassic 1			Vokhmian	247.2
		Induan												251.2
		Induan									Kathwai			251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Meishanian							Permian 4	Kathwai			251.902
														252.4 *
											Chhidru			252.9 *
			Baoqingian											253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian	Laoshanian					Longtanian †					Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	254.14
											Kalabagh			255 *
											Wargal			256 *
					Tatarian	Vyatkian								256.8 *
			Laibinian			Vyatkian								257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan	Severodvinian				Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	259.51
		Wordian	Kuhfengian	Urzhumian				Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	264.28
											265.3 *
									Amb		266.1 *
		Roadian		Kazanian	Povolzhian			Permian 3	Amb	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	266.9
		Roadian		Kazanian	Sokian			Permian 3		Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian	Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian			Permian 2			273.01
					Filipovian						276.5 *
					Saraninian						280.1 *
		Artinskian		Artinskian	Sarginian						283.5
			Longlinian		Sarginian						285.4 *
					Irginian						285.9 *
					Burtsevian						287.8 *
		Sakmarian		Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian						290.1
		Sakmarian		Sakmarian	Tastubian						291.7 *
		Asselian	Zisongian	Asselian	Shikhanian			Permian 1			293.52
					Uskalykian						294.8
					Surenian						297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						Carboniferous 5			Mapingian †	298.9
												Xiaodushanian	300 *
													300.1
		Kasimovian											303.7
												Dalaun	305.8 *
													305.9
		Moscovian					Carboniferous 4	307
		Bashkirian						315.2
								Huashibanian				318.5 *
								Lousuan				321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Dewunian	Carboniferous 3				323.2
		Serpukhovian					Shangsian	Carboniferous 3				330.8 *
		Visean					Shangsian	Carboniferous 2				330.9
		Visean					Jiusian	Carboniferous 2				335 *
		Tournaisian					Tangbagouan	Carboniferous 1				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						Devonian 5				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						Devonian 4				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						Devonian 3				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						Devonian 3				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						Devonian 2				393.3
		Pragian						Devonian 1				407.6
		Lochkovian						Devonian 1				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							Silurian 2				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian										423
	Ludlow	Gorstian										425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian										427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian										430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						Silurian 1				433.4
		Aeronian										438.5
		Rhuddanian										440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Ordovician 5				443.8
		Katian						Ordovician 5				445.2
		Sandbian						Ordovician 4				453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						Ordovician 3				458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian						Ordovician 2				467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian						Ordovician 2				470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian						Ordovician 1				477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Cambrian 5				485.4
		Jiangshanian										489.5
		Paibian										494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Series 3 †				Cambrian 4	497
		Drumian										Cambrian 4	500.5
		Wuliuan				Stage 5 †						Cambrian 3	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4										Cambrian 3	509
	Series 2	Stage 3										Cambrian 2	514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2										Cambrian 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian										Cambrian 1	529
														538.8