PBDB Timescale

Permian of China

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 16 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 42 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of China	Carboniferous of Western Europe		Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Carboniferous of China	Carboniferous Subepochs	Carboniferous of North America	Permian Subages of Germany
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Tertiary †							2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean											3.6
	Miocene	Messinian											5.333
		Tortonian											7.246
		Serravallian											11.63
		Langhian											13.82
		Burdigalian											15.98
		Aquitanian											20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian											27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
		Bartonian											37.71
		Lutetian											41.2
		Ypresian											47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian											56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
		Campanian											72.1
		Santonian											83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
		Aptian											113
		Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian											125.77
		Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian											139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
		Kimmeridgian											149.2
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Bathonian											165.3
		Bajocian											168.2
		Aalenian											170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
		Pliensbachian											184.2
		Sinemurian											192.9
		Hettangian											199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
		Norian											208.5
		Carnian											227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian											237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian											242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian											247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan											251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Meishanian									Buntsandstein	251.902
		Changhsingian	Baoqingian										253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian	Laoshanian				Longtanian †						254.14
		Wuchiapingian	Laibinian				Longtanian †						257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan									Ohre/Aller	259.51
		Wordian	Kuhfengian									Leine	264.28
		Roadian	Kuhfengian										266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian										273.01
		Artinskian	Luodianian										283.5
		Artinskian	Longlinian										285.4 *
		Sakmarian	Longlinian										290.1
		Asselian	Zisongian								Bursumian †		293.52
		Asselian		Kuzel							Bursumian †		297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								Late Pennsylvanian	Virgilian		298.9
									Xiaodushanian				300 *
													300.1
				Stephanian	Stephanian C								300.3 *
					Stephanian B			300.9 *
					Stephanian A			301.4 *
		Kasimovian			Stephanian A			Missourian			303.7
					Cantabrian						305 *
									Dalaun		305.8 *
								Desmoinesian			305.9 *
		Moscovian								Middle Pennsylvanian	307
				Westphalian	Westphalian D						307.4 *
					Westphalian C						309.8
					Westphalian C			Atokan			312.7 *
					Westphalian B						314.6
		Bashkirian			Westphalian B					Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
					Westphalian A						317 *
								Morrowan			318.4 *
									Huashibanian		318.5 *
				Namurian	Yeadonian						318.8 *
					Marsdenian						320.2 *
					Marsdenian	Lousuan			321.2 *
					Kinderscoutian				321.5 *
					Alportian				322 *
					Chokierian				323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Chokierian	Dewunian		Late Mississippian	Chesterian	323.2
					Arnsbergian					324 *
					Pendleian					327.4 *
					Pendleian	Shangsian				330.8 *
		Visean		Warnantian	Brigantian †	Shangsian		Middle Mississippian		330.9
						Jiusian				335 *
									Meramecian	335.8 *
				Livian	Asbian †					336.3 *
				Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian					340.2 *
				Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian				Osagean	343.1 *
		Tournaisian		Ivorian		Tangbagouan		Early Mississippian	Osagean	346.7
				Ivorian					Kinderhookian	351.9 *
				Hastarian					Kinderhookian	353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian								358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian								372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian								382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian								387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian								393.3
		Pragian								407.6
		Lochkovian								410.8
Silurian	Pridoli									419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian								427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian								433.4
		Aeronian								438.5
		Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								443.8
		Katian								445.2
		Sandbian					453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian					470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					485.4
		Jiangshanian					489.5
		Paibian					494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Series 3 †			497
		Drumian								500.5
		Wuliuan								Stage 5 †	504.5
													509