PBDB Timescale

Permian of China

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view

There are 16 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 42 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of China	Carboniferous of Western Europe		Carboniferous Subepochs	Permian of the Russian Platform		Ten Million Year Bins	Permian of North America		Permian of the Salt Range	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan							Cenozoic 6						0
		Northgrippian													0.0042
		Greenlandian													0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													0.0117
		Chibanian													0.129
		Calabrian													0.774
		Gelasian													1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian													2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean													3.6
	Miocene	Messinian													5.333
		Tortonian													7.246
		Serravallian							Cenozoic 5						11.63
		Langhian													13.82
		Burdigalian													15.98
		Aquitanian													20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							Cenozoic 4						23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian							Cenozoic 4						27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian							Cenozoic 3						33.9
		Bartonian							Cenozoic 3						37.71
		Lutetian							Cenozoic 2						41.2
		Ypresian							Cenozoic 2						47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian							Cenozoic 1						56
		Selandian													59.2
		Danian													61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							Cretaceous 8						66
		Campanian							Cretaceous 7						72.1
		Santonian							Cretaceous 6						83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian							Cretaceous 5						93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian							Cretaceous 4						100.5
		Aptian							Cretaceous 3						113
		Barremian							Cretaceous 2						121.4
		Hauterivian							Cretaceous 2						125.77
		Valanginian							Cretaceous 1						132.6
		Berriasian							Cretaceous 1						139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian							Jurassic 6						145
		Kimmeridgian							Jurassic 5						149.2
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Bathonian							Jurassic 4						165.3
		Bajocian							Jurassic 4						168.2
		Aalenian							Jurassic 3						170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian							Jurassic 3						174.7
		Pliensbachian							Jurassic 2						184.2
		Sinemurian							Jurassic 1						192.9
		Hettangian							Jurassic 1						199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian							Triassic 4						201.4
		Norian							Triassic 4						208.5
		Carnian							Triassic 3						227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian							Triassic 2						237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian							Triassic 2						242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian							Triassic 1					Vokhmian	247.2
		Induan													251.2
		Induan										Kathwai			251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Meishanian						Permian 4			Kathwai			251.902
															252.4 *
												Chhidru			252.9 *
			Baoqingian												253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian	Laoshanian											Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	254.14
												Kalabagh			255 *
												Wargal			256 *
							Tatarian	Vyatkian							256.8 *
			Laibinian					Vyatkian							257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan	Severodvinian	Capitanian	Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian		259.51
		Wordian	Kuhfengian	Urzhumian	Wordian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian		264.28
										265.3 *
								Amb		266.1 *
		Roadian		Kazanian	Povolzhian	Permian 3	Roadian	Amb	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	266.9
		Roadian		Kazanian	Sokian	Permian 3	Roadian		Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian	Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian	Permian 2	Leonardian		Cathedralian		273.01
					Filipovian						276.5 *
					Saraninian						280.1 *
					Saraninian				Hessian		281.9 *
		Artinskian		Artinskian	Sarginian						283.5
			Longlinian		Sarginian						285.4 *
					Irginian						285.9 *
					Irginian		Wolfcampian		Lenoxian		286.1 *
					Burtsevian						287.8 *
		Sakmarian		Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian						290.1
		Sakmarian		Sakmarian	Tastubian						291.7 *
		Asselian	Zisongian	Asselian	Shikhanian	Permian 1			Nealian		293.52
					Uskalykian						294.8
					Surenian						297.5
					Surenian						Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Late Pennsylvanian			Carboniferous 5						Mapingian †	298.9
														300.1
											Stephanian			Stephanian C	300.3 *
														Stephanian B	300.9 *
														Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian												Stephanian A	303.7
														Cantabrian	305 *
															305.9
		Moscovian		Middle Pennsylvanian			Carboniferous 4								307
											Westphalian			Westphalian D	307.4 *
														Westphalian C	309.8
														Westphalian B	314.6
		Bashkirian		Early Pennsylvanian										Westphalian B	315.2
														Westphalian A	317 *
											Namurian			Yeadonian	318.8 *
														Marsdenian	320.2 *
														Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
														Alportian	322 *
														Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Late Mississippian			Carboniferous 3							Chokierian	323.2
														Arnsbergian	324 *
														Pendleian	327.4 *
		Visean		Warnantian			Brigantian †				Middle Mississippian			Carboniferous 2	330.9
				Livian			Asbian †								336.3 *
				Moliniacian			Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian								340.2 *
		Tournaisian		Ivorian							Early Mississippian			Carboniferous 1	346.7
		Tournaisian		Hastarian							Early Mississippian			Carboniferous 1	353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian												Devonian 5	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian												Devonian 4	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian												Devonian 3	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian												Devonian 3	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian												Devonian 2	393.3
		Pragian												Devonian 1	407.6
		Lochkovian												Devonian 1	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli													Silurian 2	419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian													423
	Ludlow	Gorstian													425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian													427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian													430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian												Silurian 1	433.4
		Aeronian													438.5
		Rhuddanian													440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian												Ordovician 5	443.8
		Katian												Ordovician 5	445.2
		Sandbian												Ordovician 4	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian												Ordovician 3	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian												Ordovician 2	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian												Ordovician 2	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian						Ordovician 1						477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Cambrian 5		485.4
		Jiangshanian								489.5
		Paibian								494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Cambrian 4		497
		Drumian						Cambrian 4		500.5
		Wuliuan						Cambrian 3		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4						Cambrian 3		509
	Series 2	Stage 3						Cambrian 2		514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2						Cambrian 2		521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian						Cambrian 1		529
															538.8