PBDB Timescale

Permian of China

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view

There are 16 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 42 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of China	Carboniferous of Western Europe		Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ten Million Year Bins	Permian of North America
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan								Cenozoic 6			0
		Northgrippian											0.0042
		Greenlandian											0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
		Chibanian											0.129
		Calabrian											0.774
		Gelasian											1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Tertiary †						2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean											3.6
	Miocene	Messinian											5.333
		Tortonian											7.246
		Serravallian								Cenozoic 5			11.63
		Langhian											13.82
		Burdigalian											15.98
		Aquitanian											20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								Cenozoic 4			23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian								Cenozoic 4			27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian								Cenozoic 3			33.9
		Bartonian								Cenozoic 3			37.71
		Lutetian								Cenozoic 2			41.2
		Ypresian								Cenozoic 2			47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian								Cenozoic 1			56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian								Cretaceous 8			66
		Campanian								Cretaceous 7			72.1
		Santonian								Cretaceous 6			83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian								Cretaceous 5			93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian								Cretaceous 4			100.5
		Aptian								Cretaceous 3			113
		Barremian								Cretaceous 2			121.4
		Hauterivian								Cretaceous 2			125.77
		Valanginian								Cretaceous 1			132.6
		Berriasian								Cretaceous 1			139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian								Jurassic 6			145
		Kimmeridgian								Jurassic 5			149.2
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Bathonian								Jurassic 4			165.3
		Bajocian								Jurassic 4			168.2
		Aalenian								Jurassic 3			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian								Jurassic 3			174.7
		Pliensbachian								Jurassic 2			184.2
		Sinemurian								Jurassic 1			192.9
		Hettangian								Jurassic 1			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian								Triassic 4			201.4
		Norian								Triassic 4			208.5
		Carnian								Triassic 3			227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian								Triassic 2			237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian								Triassic 2			242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian								Triassic 1			247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan								Triassic 1			251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Meishanian							Permian 4			251.902
		Changhsingian	Baoqingian										253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian	Laoshanian					Longtanian †					254.14
		Wuchiapingian	Laibinian					Longtanian †					257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan								Capitanian		259.51
		Wordian	Kuhfengian								Wordian		264.28
		Roadian	Kuhfengian							Permian 3	Roadian		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian							Permian 2	Leonardian	Cathedralian	273.01
		Kungurian										Hessian	281.9 *
		Artinskian											283.5
			Longlinian	285.4 *
				Wolfcampian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
		Sakmarian			Lenoxian	290.1
		Asselian	Zisongian		Permian 1	Nealian			293.52
		Asselian			Permian 1	Nealian			Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Mapingian †	Carboniferous 5						298.9
											300.1
									Stephanian		Stephanian C	300.3 *
											Stephanian B	300.9 *
											Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian									Stephanian A	303.7
											Cantabrian	305 *
												305.9
		Moscovian			Carboniferous 4							307
									Westphalian		Westphalian D	307.4 *
											Westphalian C	309.8
											Westphalian B	314.6
		Bashkirian									Westphalian B	315.2
											Westphalian A	317 *
									Namurian		Yeadonian	318.8 *
											Marsdenian	320.2 *
											Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
											Alportian	322 *
											Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Carboniferous 3		323.2				Chokierian
							Arnsbergian				324 *
							Pendleian				327.4 *
		Visean			Warnantian		Brigantian †		Carboniferous 2		330.9
					Livian		Asbian †				336.3 *
					Moliniacian		Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian				340.2 *
		Tournaisian			Ivorian				Carboniferous 1		346.7
		Tournaisian			Hastarian				Carboniferous 1		353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							Devonian 5		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian							Devonian 4		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian							Devonian 3		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian							Devonian 3		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian							Devonian 2		393.3
		Pragian							Devonian 1		407.6
		Lochkovian							Devonian 1		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli								Silurian 2		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian									423
	Ludlow	Gorstian									425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian									427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian									430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian							Silurian 1		433.4
		Aeronian									438.5
		Rhuddanian									440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							Ordovician 5		443.8
		Katian							Ordovician 5		445.2
		Sandbian							Ordovician 4		453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							Ordovician 3		458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian							Ordovician 2		467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian							Ordovician 2		470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian							Ordovician 1		477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Cambrian 5		485.4
		Jiangshanian									489.5
		Paibian									494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Series 3 †		Cambrian 4	497
		Drumian						500.5			Cambrian 4
		Wuliuan						Stage 5 †			Cambrian 3	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4									Cambrian 3	509
	Series 2	Stage 3									Cambrian 2	514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2									Cambrian 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian									Cambrian 1	529
													538.8