PBDB Timescale

Permian of China

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view

There are 16 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 42 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of China	Carboniferous of Western Europe		Permian of North America		Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Permian of the Salt Range	Carboniferous Subepochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean												3.6
	Miocene	Messinian												5.333
		Tortonian												7.246
		Serravallian												11.63
		Langhian												13.82
		Burdigalian												15.98
		Aquitanian												20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian												27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian												33.9
		Bartonian												37.71
		Lutetian												41.2
		Ypresian												47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian												56
		Selandian												59.2
		Danian												61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
		Campanian												72.1
		Santonian												83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
		Aptian												113
		Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian												125.77
		Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian												139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian						Oteke	Puaroan					145
		Kimmeridgian						Oteke	Puaroan					149.2
								Kawhia	Ohauan					150
									Heterian					154.5
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Callovian							Temaikan					164.3
		Bathonian												165.3
		Bajocian												168.2
		Aalenian												170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
		Toarcian						Herangi	Ururoan					176
		Pliensbachian							Ururoan					184.2
		Pliensbachian							Aratauran					188.9
		Sinemurian												192.9
		Hettangian												199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian						Balfour	Otapirian					201.4
		Norian							Warepan					208.5
									Otamitan					217
									Oretian					221
		Carnian							Oretian					227
		Carnian						Gore	Kaihikuan					227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian							Kaihikuan					237
		Ladinian							Etalian					238
		Anisian							Etalian					242
		Anisian							Malakovian					246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian							Malakovian					247.2
		Olenekian							Nelsonian					249
		Induan							Nelsonian					251.2
		Induan						DUrville	Makarewan	Kathwai				251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Meishanian							Kathwai				251.902
														252.4 *
										Chhidru				252.9 *
									Waiitian					253.2
			Baoqingian											253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian	Laoshanian	Longtanian †	254.14
					Puruhauan	254.2
						Kalabagh	255 *
						Wargal	256 *
			Laibinian				257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan	Capitanian	Aparima		Flettian		259.51
		Wordian	Kuhfengian	Wordian					264.28
									265.3 *
							Barettian		266
						Amb			266.1 *
		Roadian		Roadian		Amb			266.9
		Roadian		Roadian					270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian	Leonardian					Cathedralian	273.01
							Mangapirian		Cathedralian	276
									Hessian	281.9 *
		Artinskian								283.5
							Telfordian			285
			Longlinian							285.4 *
				Wolfcampian					Lenoxian	286.1 *
										288.5
		Sakmarian								290.1
		Asselian	Zisongian						Nealian	293.52
		Asselian							Nealian	Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian									Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
												300.1
										Stephanian		Stephanian C	300.3 *
												Stephanian B	300.9 *
												Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian										Stephanian A	303.7
		Kasimovian										Cantabrian	305 *
		Moscovian									Middle Pennsylvanian	Cantabrian	307
										Westphalian		Westphalian D	307.4 *
												Westphalian C	309.8
												Westphalian B	314.6
		Bashkirian									Early Pennsylvanian	Westphalian B	315.2
												Westphalian A	317 *
										Namurian		Yeadonian	318.8 *
												Marsdenian	320.2 *
												Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
												Alportian	322 *
												Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian									Late Mississippian	Chokierian	323.2
												Arnsbergian	324 *
												Pendleian	327.4 *
		Visean								Warnantian	Brigantian †	Middle Mississippian	330.9
										Livian	Asbian †		336.3 *
										Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian		340.2 *
		Tournaisian								Ivorian		Early Mississippian	346.7
		Tournaisian								Hastarian		Early Mississippian	353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian											358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian											372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian											382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian											387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian											393.3
		Pragian											407.6
		Lochkovian											410.8
Silurian	Pridoli												419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian											423
	Ludlow	Gorstian											425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian											427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian											430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian											433.4
		Aeronian											438.5
		Rhuddanian											440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian											443.8
		Katian											445.2
		Sandbian											453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian											458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian											467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian						470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian						477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						485.4
		Jiangshanian						489.5
		Paibian						494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Series 3 †					497
		Drumian				500.5
		Wuliuan				Stage 5 †							504.5
														509