PBDB Timescale

Permian of China

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 16 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 42 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of China	Carboniferous of Western Europe		Permian of the Salt Range	Ten Million Year Bins	Permian Subages of Germany	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Carboniferous Subepochs
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan					Cenozoic 6					0
		Northgrippian										0.0042
		Greenlandian										0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										0.0117
		Chibanian										0.129
		Calabrian										0.774
		Gelasian										1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean										3.6
	Miocene	Messinian										5.333
		Tortonian										7.246
		Serravallian					Cenozoic 5					11.63
		Langhian										13.82
		Burdigalian										15.98
		Aquitanian										20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Cenozoic 4					23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian					Cenozoic 4					27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian					Cenozoic 3					33.9
		Bartonian					Cenozoic 3					37.71
		Lutetian					Cenozoic 2					41.2
		Ypresian					Cenozoic 2					47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian					Cenozoic 1					56
		Selandian										59.2
		Danian										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian					Cretaceous 8					66
		Campanian					Cretaceous 7					72.1
		Santonian					Cretaceous 6					83.6
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian					Cretaceous 5					93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian					Cretaceous 4					100.5
		Aptian					Cretaceous 3					113
		Barremian					Cretaceous 2					121.4
		Hauterivian					Cretaceous 2					125.77
		Valanginian					Cretaceous 1					132.6
		Berriasian					Cretaceous 1					139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					Jurassic 6					145
		Kimmeridgian					Jurassic 5					149.2
		Oxfordian										154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
		Bathonian					Jurassic 4					165.3
		Bajocian					Jurassic 4					168.2
		Aalenian					Jurassic 3					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian					Jurassic 3					174.7
		Pliensbachian					Jurassic 2					184.2
		Sinemurian					Jurassic 1					192.9
		Hettangian					Jurassic 1					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					Triassic 4					201.4
		Norian					Triassic 4					208.5
		Carnian					Triassic 3					227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian					Triassic 2					237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian					Triassic 2					242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian					Triassic 1		Vokhmian			247.2
		Induan										251.2
		Induan				Kathwai						251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Meishanian			Kathwai	Permian 4	Buntsandstein				251.902
												252.4 *
						Chhidru						252.9 *
			Baoqingian									253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian	Laoshanian						Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian			254.14
						Kalabagh						255 *
						Wargal						256 *
			Laibinian									257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan					Ohre/Aller	Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian			259.51
		Wordian	Kuhfengian	Leine	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian			264.28
								265.3 *
						Amb		266.1 *
		Roadian		Permian 3		Amb	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	266.9
		Roadian		Permian 3			Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian	Permian 2				273.01
		Artinskian	Luodianian					283.5
		Artinskian	Longlinian					285.4 *
		Sakmarian	Longlinian					290.1
		Asselian	Zisongian	Permian 1				293.52
		Asselian		Permian 1				Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Carboniferous 5					Mapingian †	Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
											300.1
								Stephanian			Stephanian C	300.3 *
											Stephanian B	300.9 *
											Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian									Stephanian A	303.7
											Cantabrian	305 *
												305.9
		Moscovian		Carboniferous 4						Middle Pennsylvanian		307
								Westphalian			Westphalian D	307.4 *
											Westphalian C	309.8
											Westphalian B	314.6
		Bashkirian								Early Pennsylvanian	Westphalian B	315.2
											Westphalian A	317 *
								Namurian			Yeadonian	318.8 *
											Marsdenian	320.2 *
											Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
											Alportian	322 *
											Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Carboniferous 3						Late Mississippian	Chokierian	323.2
											Arnsbergian	324 *
											Pendleian	327.4 *
		Visean		Warnantian				Brigantian †		Carboniferous 2	Middle Mississippian	330.9
				Livian				Asbian †				336.3 *
				Moliniacian				Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian				340.2 *
		Tournaisian		Ivorian						Carboniferous 1	Early Mississippian	346.7
		Tournaisian		Hastarian						Carboniferous 1	Early Mississippian	353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian								Devonian 5		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian								Devonian 4		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian								Devonian 3		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian								Devonian 3		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian								Devonian 2		393.3
		Pragian								Devonian 1		407.6
		Lochkovian								Devonian 1		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli									Silurian 2		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian										423
	Ludlow	Gorstian										425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian										427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian										430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian								Silurian 1		433.4
		Aeronian										438.5
		Rhuddanian										440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								Ordovician 5		443.8
		Katian								Ordovician 5		445.2
		Sandbian								Ordovician 4		453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								Ordovician 3		458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian								Ordovician 2		467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian								Ordovician 2		470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian								Ordovician 1		477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								Cambrian 5		485.4
		Jiangshanian										489.5
		Paibian										494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian								Cambrian 4		497
		Drumian								Cambrian 4		500.5
		Wuliuan								Cambrian 3		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4								Cambrian 3		509
	Series 2	Stage 3			Cambrian 2					514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2			Cambrian 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian			Cambrian 1	529
												538.8