PBDB Timescale

Permian of China

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view

There are 16 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 42 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of China	Carboniferous of Western Europe		Permian of Western Europe	Permian of the Pamirs	Carboniferous of China	Carboniferous Subepochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Carboniferous of North America	Permian Subages of Germany
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Tertiary †					2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean													3.6
	Miocene	Messinian													5.333
		Tortonian													7.246
		Serravallian													11.63
		Langhian													13.82
		Burdigalian													15.98
		Aquitanian													20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian													27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian													33.9
		Bartonian													37.71
		Lutetian													41.2
		Ypresian													47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian													56
		Selandian													59.2
		Danian													61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
		Campanian													72.1
		Santonian													83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian													93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
		Aptian													113
		Barremian													121.4
		Hauterivian													125.77
		Valanginian													132.6
		Berriasian													139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian													145
		Kimmeridgian													149.2
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Bathonian													165.3
		Bajocian													168.2
		Aalenian													170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
		Pliensbachian													184.2
		Sinemurian													192.9
		Hettangian													199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian													201.4
		Norian													208.5
		Carnian													227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian													237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian													242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian													247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan													251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Meishanian				Dorashamian							Buntsandstein	251.902
		Changhsingian	Baoqingian				Dorashamian								253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian	Laoshanian			Zechstein	Dzhulfian				Longtanian †				254.14
		Wuchiapingian	Laibinian			Zechstein	Dzhulfian				Longtanian †				257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan			Rotliegendes	Midian							Ohre/Aller	259.51
		Wordian	Kuhfengian				Midian							Leine	264.28
		Wordian					Murgabian							Leine	266.2 *
		Roadian					Murgabian								266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian				Kubergandian								273.01
		Kungurian					Bolorian								279.8
		Artinskian				Autunian									283.5
			Longlinian												285.4 *
							Yakhtashian								286
		Sakmarian					Sakmarian								290.1
		Asselian	Zisongian				Asselian						Bursumian †		293.52
		Asselian		Kuzel			Asselian						Bursumian †		297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							Late Pennsylvanian				Virgilian		298.9
					Xiaodushanian			300 *
								300.1
				Stephanian				Stephanian C				300.3 *
								Stephanian B				300.9 *
								Stephanian A				301.4 *
		Kasimovian						Stephanian A				Missourian	303.7
								Cantabrian					305 *
					Dalaun								305.8 *
												Desmoinesian	305.9 *
		Moscovian							Middle Pennsylvanian				307
				Westphalian				Westphalian D					307.4 *
								Westphalian C					309.8
								Westphalian C				Atokan	312.7 *
								Westphalian B					314.6
		Bashkirian						Westphalian B	Early Pennsylvanian				315.2
								Westphalian A					317 *
												Morrowan	318.4 *
					Huashibanian					318.5 *
				Namurian				Yeadonian		318.8 *
								Marsdenian		320.2 *
					Lousuan			Marsdenian		321.2 *
								Kinderscoutian		321.5 *
								Alportian		322 *
								Chokierian		323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Dewunian			Chokierian	Late Mississippian	Chesterian		323.2
								Arnsbergian				324 *
								Pendleian				327.4 *
					Shangsian			Pendleian				330.8 *
		Visean		Warnantian	Shangsian			Brigantian †	Middle Mississippian			330.9
					Jiusian							335 *
										Meramecian		335.8 *
				Livian				Asbian †				336.3 *
				Moliniacian				Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian				340.2 *
				Moliniacian				Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian		Osagean		343.1 *
		Tournaisian		Ivorian				Tangbagouan	Early Mississippian	Osagean		346.7
				Ivorian						Kinderhookian		351.9 *
				Hastarian						Kinderhookian		353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian										358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian										372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian										382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian										387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian										393.3
		Pragian										407.6
		Lochkovian										410.8
Silurian	Pridoli											419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian										423
	Ludlow	Gorstian										425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian										427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian										430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian										433.4
		Aeronian										438.5
		Rhuddanian									440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian									443.8
		Katian									445.2
		Sandbian									453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian									458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian									467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian									470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian									477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10									485.4
		Jiangshanian									489.5
		Paibian									494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian									Series 3 †	497
		Drumian				500.5
		Wuliuan				Stage 5 †	504.5
															509