PBDB Timescale

Permian of China

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 16 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 42 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of China	Carboniferous of Western Europe		Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Ten Million Year Bins	Carboniferous of North America	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan					Cenozoic 6			0
		Northgrippian								0.0042
		Greenlandian								0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								0.0117
		Chibanian								0.129
		Calabrian								0.774
		Gelasian								1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean								3.6
	Miocene	Messinian								5.333
		Tortonian								7.246
		Serravallian					Cenozoic 5			11.63
		Langhian								13.82
		Burdigalian								15.98
		Aquitanian								20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Cenozoic 4			23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian					Cenozoic 4			27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian					Cenozoic 3			33.9
		Bartonian					Cenozoic 3			37.71
		Lutetian					Cenozoic 2			41.2
		Ypresian					Cenozoic 2			47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian					Cenozoic 1			56
		Selandian								59.2
		Danian								61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian					Cretaceous 8			66
		Campanian					Cretaceous 7			72.1
		Santonian					Cretaceous 6			83.6
		Coniacian								86.3
		Turonian								89.8
		Cenomanian					Cretaceous 5			93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian					Cretaceous 4			100.5
		Aptian					Cretaceous 3			113
		Barremian					Cretaceous 2			121.4
		Hauterivian					Cretaceous 2			125.77
		Valanginian					Cretaceous 1			132.6
		Berriasian					Cretaceous 1			139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					Jurassic 6			145
		Kimmeridgian					Jurassic 5			149.2
		Oxfordian								154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian								161.5
		Bathonian					Jurassic 4			165.3
		Bajocian					Jurassic 4			168.2
		Aalenian					Jurassic 3			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian					Jurassic 3			174.7
		Pliensbachian					Jurassic 2			184.2
		Sinemurian					Jurassic 1			192.9
		Hettangian					Jurassic 1			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					Triassic 4			201.4
		Norian					Triassic 4			208.5
		Carnian					Triassic 3			227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian					Triassic 2			237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian					Triassic 2			242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				Vokhmian	Triassic 1			247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan				Vokhmian	Triassic 1			251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Meishanian				Permian 4			251.902
		Changhsingian	Baoqingian							253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian	Laoshanian			Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian				254.14
		Wuchiapingian	Laibinian			Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian				257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan			Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian				259.51
		Wordian	Kuhfengian			Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian				264.28
		Roadian	Kuhfengian			Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	Permian 3			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian				Permian 2			273.01
		Artinskian	Luodianian							283.5
		Artinskian	Longlinian							285.4 *
		Sakmarian	Longlinian	290.1
		Asselian	Zisongian	Permian 1	Bursumian †		293.52
		Asselian		Permian 1	Bursumian †		Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Carboniferous 5	Virgilian			Mapingian †	298.9
									300.1
							Stephanian		Stephanian C	300.3 *
									Stephanian B	300.9 *
									Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian			Missourian				Stephanian A	303.7
					Missourian				Cantabrian	305 *
					Desmoinesian					305.9 *
		Moscovian		Carboniferous 4						307
							Westphalian		Westphalian D	307.4 *
									Westphalian C	309.8
					Atokan				Westphalian C	312.7 *
									Westphalian B	314.6
		Bashkirian							Westphalian B	315.2
									Westphalian A	317 *
					Morrowan				Westphalian A	318.4 *
							Namurian		Yeadonian	318.8 *
									Marsdenian	320.2 *
									Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
									Alportian	322 *
									Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Carboniferous 3	Chesterian				Chokierian	323.2
									Arnsbergian	324 *
									Pendleian	327.4 *
		Visean		Warnantian			Brigantian †		Carboniferous 2	330.9
				Warnantian	Meramecian		Brigantian †			335.8 *
				Livian			Asbian †			336.3 *
				Moliniacian			Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian			340.2 *
				Moliniacian	Osagean		Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian			343.1 *
		Tournaisian		Ivorian	Osagean				Carboniferous 1	346.7
				Ivorian	Kinderhookian					351.9 *
				Hastarian	Kinderhookian					353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Devonian 5					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			Devonian 4					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			Devonian 3					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Devonian 3					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			Devonian 2					393.3
		Pragian			Devonian 1					407.6
		Lochkovian			Devonian 1					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				Silurian 2					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian								427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			Silurian 1					433.4
		Aeronian								438.5
		Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Ordovician 5					443.8
		Katian			Ordovician 5					445.2
		Sandbian			Ordovician 4					453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Ordovician 3					458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			Ordovician 2					467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Ordovician 2					470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			Ordovician 1					477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Cambrian 5					485.4
		Jiangshanian								489.5
		Paibian								494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Cambrian 4					497
		Drumian			Cambrian 4	500.5
		Wuliuan			Cambrian 3	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4			Cambrian 3	509
	Series 2	Stage 3			Cambrian 2	514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2			Cambrian 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian			Cambrian 1	529
										538.8