PBDB Timescale

Permian of China

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view

There are 16 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 42 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of China	Carboniferous of Western Europe		Permian of the Russian Platform		Permian of the Pamirs	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan									0
		Northgrippian									0.0042
		Greenlandian									0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									0.0117
		Chibanian									0.129
		Calabrian									0.774
		Gelasian									1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean									3.6
	Miocene	Messinian									5.333
		Tortonian									7.246
		Serravallian									11.63
		Langhian									13.82
		Burdigalian									15.98
		Aquitanian									20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian									27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian									33.9
		Bartonian									37.71
		Lutetian									41.2
		Ypresian									47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian									56
		Selandian									59.2
		Danian									61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									66
		Campanian									72.1
		Santonian									83.6
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
		Cenomanian									93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian									100.5
		Aptian									113
		Barremian									121.4
		Hauterivian									125.77
		Valanginian									132.6
		Berriasian									139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									145
		Kimmeridgian									149.2
		Oxfordian									154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
		Bathonian									165.3
		Bajocian									168.2
		Aalenian									170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian									174.7
		Pliensbachian									184.2
		Sinemurian									192.9
		Hettangian									199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian									201.4
		Norian									208.5
		Carnian									227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian									237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian									242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian								Vokhmian	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan								Vokhmian	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Meishanian					Dorashamian			251.902
		Changhsingian	Baoqingian					Dorashamian			253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian	Laoshanian					Dzhulfian		Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	254.14
			Laoshanian			Tatarian	Vyatkian				256.8 *
			Laibinian				Vyatkian				257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan				Severodvinian	Midian		Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	259.51
		Wordian	Kuhfengian				Urzhumian	Midian		Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	264.28
		Wordian					Urzhumian	Murgabian		Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	266.2 *
		Roadian				Kazanian	Povolzhian			Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	266.9
		Roadian				Kazanian	Sokian			Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian	Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian	Kubergandian		273.01
					Filipovian	Kubergandian		276.5 *
					Filipovian	Bolorian		279.8
					Saraninian			280.1 *
		Artinskian		Artinskian	Sarginian			283.5
			Longlinian		Sarginian			285.4 *
					Irginian			285.9 *
					Irginian	Yakhtashian		286
					Burtsevian	Yakhtashian		287.8 *
		Sakmarian		Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian	Sakmarian		290.1
		Sakmarian		Sakmarian	Tastubian	Sakmarian		291.7 *
		Asselian	Zisongian	Asselian	Shikhanian	Asselian		293.52
					Uskalykian			294.8
					Surenian			297.5
					Surenian			Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							Mapingian †	298.9
										300.1
								Stephanian		Stephanian C	300.3 *
										Stephanian B	300.9 *
										Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian								Stephanian A	303.7
										Cantabrian	305 *
											305.9
		Moscovian									307
								Westphalian		Westphalian D	307.4 *
										Westphalian C	309.8
										Westphalian B	314.6
		Bashkirian								Westphalian B	315.2
										Westphalian A	317 *
								Namurian		Yeadonian	318.8 *
										Marsdenian	320.2 *
										Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
										Alportian	322 *
										Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian								Chokierian	323.2
										Arnsbergian	324 *
										Pendleian	327.4 *
		Visean						Warnantian		Brigantian †	330.9
								Livian		Asbian †	336.3 *
								Moliniacian		Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
		Tournaisian						Ivorian			346.7
		Tournaisian						Hastarian			353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian									358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian									372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian									382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian									387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian									393.3
		Pragian									407.6
		Lochkovian									410.8
											419.2