PBDB Timescale

Permian of China

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view

There are 16 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 42 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of China	Carboniferous of Western Europe		Ten Million Year Bins	Carboniferous of North America	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Carboniferous Subepochs	Permian of Western Europe
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Cenozoic 6									0
		Northgrippian													0.0042
		Greenlandian													0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													0.0117
		Chibanian													0.129
		Calabrian													0.774
		Gelasian													1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Tertiary †					2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean													3.6
	Miocene	Messinian													5.333
		Tortonian													7.246
		Serravallian				Cenozoic 5									11.63
		Langhian													13.82
		Burdigalian													15.98
		Aquitanian													20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Cenozoic 4									23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian				Cenozoic 4									27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian				Cenozoic 3									33.9
		Bartonian				Cenozoic 3									37.71
		Lutetian				Cenozoic 2									41.2
		Ypresian				Cenozoic 2									47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Cenozoic 1									56
		Selandian													59.2
		Danian													61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Cretaceous 8									66
		Campanian				Cretaceous 7									72.1
		Santonian				Cretaceous 6									83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian				Cretaceous 5									93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				Cretaceous 4									100.5
		Aptian				Cretaceous 3									113
		Barremian				Cretaceous 2									121.4
		Hauterivian				Cretaceous 2									125.77
		Valanginian				Cretaceous 1									132.6
		Berriasian				Cretaceous 1									139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Jurassic 6		Oteke	Puaroan						145
		Kimmeridgian				Jurassic 5		Oteke	Puaroan						149.2
								Kawhia	Ohauan						150
									Heterian						154.5
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Callovian							Temaikan						164.3
		Bathonian				Jurassic 4									165.3
		Bajocian				Jurassic 4									168.2
		Aalenian				Jurassic 3									170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
		Toarcian						Herangi	Ururoan						176
		Pliensbachian				Jurassic 2			Ururoan						184.2
		Pliensbachian				Jurassic 2			Aratauran						188.9
		Sinemurian				Jurassic 1									192.9
		Hettangian				Jurassic 1									199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				Triassic 4		Balfour	Otapirian						201.4
		Norian							Warepan						208.5
									Otamitan						217
									Oretian						221
		Carnian				Triassic 3			Oretian						227
		Carnian				Triassic 3		Gore	Kaihikuan						227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				Triassic 2			Kaihikuan						237
		Ladinian							Etalian						238
		Anisian							Etalian						242
		Anisian							Malakovian						246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				Triassic 1			Malakovian						247.2
		Olenekian							Nelsonian						249
		Induan	251.2						Nelsonian
		Induan	DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan	Meishanian	Permian 4	251.902
				Waiitian	Meishanian		253.2
					Baoqingian		253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian			Laoshanian		Longtanian †	Zechstein	254.14
				Puruhauan	Laoshanian				254.2
				Puruhauan	Laibinian				257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan	Aparima	Flettian			Rotliegendes	259.51
		Wordian	Kuhfengian		Flettian				264.28
		Wordian			Barettian				266
		Roadian				Permian 3			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian			Permian 2			273.01
		Kungurian			Mangapirian				276
		Artinskian			Mangapirian			Autunian	283.5
					Telfordian				285
			Longlinian		Telfordian				285.4 *
									288.5
		Sakmarian							290.1
		Asselian	Zisongian			Permian 1			Bursumian †		293.52
		Asselian				Permian 1			Bursumian †		Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Carboniferous 5		Virgilian	Late Pennsylvanian				298.9
													300.1
											Stephanian		Stephanian C	300.3 *
										Stephanian B			300.9 *
										Stephanian A			301.4 *
		Kasimovian						Missourian		Stephanian A			303.7
								Missourian		Cantabrian			305 *
								Desmoinesian					305.9 *
		Moscovian				Carboniferous 4			Middle Pennsylvanian				307
										Westphalian	Westphalian D		307.4 *
											Westphalian C		309.8
								Atokan			Westphalian C		312.7 *
											Westphalian B		314.6
		Bashkirian							Early Pennsylvanian		Westphalian B		315.2
											Westphalian A		317 *
								Morrowan			Westphalian A		318.4 *
										Namurian	Yeadonian		318.8 *
											Marsdenian		320.2 *
											Kinderscoutian		321.5 *
											Alportian		322 *
											Chokierian		323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Carboniferous 3		Chesterian	Late Mississippian		Chokierian		323.2
											Arnsbergian		324 *
											Pendleian		327.4 *
		Visean				Warnantian			Brigantian †	Carboniferous 2	Middle Mississippian		330.9
						Warnantian		Meramecian	Brigantian †				335.8 *
						Livian			Asbian †				336.3 *
						Moliniacian			Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian				340.2 *
						Moliniacian		Osagean	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian				343.1 *
		Tournaisian				Ivorian		Osagean		Carboniferous 1	Early Mississippian		346.7
						Ivorian		Kinderhookian					351.9 *
						Hastarian		Kinderhookian					353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						Devonian 5					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						Devonian 4					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						Devonian 3					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						Devonian 3					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						Devonian 2					393.3
		Pragian						Devonian 1					407.6
		Lochkovian						Devonian 1					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							Silurian 2					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian											423
	Ludlow	Gorstian											425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian											427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian											430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						Silurian 1					433.4
		Aeronian											438.5
		Rhuddanian											440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Ordovician 5					443.8
		Katian						Ordovician 5					445.2
		Sandbian						Ordovician 4					453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						Ordovician 3					458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					Ordovician 2	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian					Ordovician 2	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					Ordovician 1	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Cambrian 5	485.4
		Jiangshanian						489.5
		Paibian						494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Cambrian 4	Series 3 †					497
		Drumian					Cambrian 4						500.5
		Wuliuan					Cambrian 3						Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4					Cambrian 3	509
	Series 2	Stage 3					Cambrian 2	514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2					Cambrian 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian					Cambrian 1	529
															538.8