PBDB Timescale

Permian of China

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view

There are 16 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 42 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of China	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ten Million Year Bins	Permian Subages of Germany
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan						Cenozoic 6		0
		Northgrippian								0.0042
		Greenlandian								0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								0.0117
		Chibanian								0.129
		Calabrian								0.774
		Gelasian								1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Tertiary †					2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean								3.6
	Miocene	Messinian								5.333
		Tortonian								7.246
		Serravallian						Cenozoic 5		11.63
		Langhian								13.82
		Burdigalian								15.98
		Aquitanian								20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						Cenozoic 4		23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian						Cenozoic 4		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian						Cenozoic 3		33.9
		Bartonian						Cenozoic 3		37.71
		Lutetian						Cenozoic 2		41.2
		Ypresian						Cenozoic 2		47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian						Cenozoic 1		56
		Selandian								59.2
		Danian								61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian						Cretaceous 8		66
		Campanian						Cretaceous 7		72.1
		Santonian						Cretaceous 6		83.6
		Coniacian								86.3
		Turonian								89.8
		Cenomanian						Cretaceous 5		93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian						Cretaceous 4		100.5
		Aptian						Cretaceous 3		113
		Barremian						Cretaceous 2		121.4
		Hauterivian						Cretaceous 2		125.77
		Valanginian						Cretaceous 1		132.6
		Berriasian						Cretaceous 1		139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian						Jurassic 6		145
		Kimmeridgian						Jurassic 5		149.2
		Oxfordian								154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian								161.5
		Bathonian						Jurassic 4		165.3
		Bajocian						Jurassic 4		168.2
		Aalenian						Jurassic 3		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian						Jurassic 3		174.7
		Pliensbachian						Jurassic 2		184.2
		Sinemurian						Jurassic 1		192.9
		Hettangian						Jurassic 1		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian						Triassic 4		201.4
		Norian						Triassic 4		208.5
		Carnian						Triassic 3		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian						Triassic 2		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian						Triassic 2		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian						Triassic 1		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan						Triassic 1		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Meishanian	Melekhovian				Permian 4	Buntsandstein	251.902
		Changhsingian	Baoqingian							253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian	Laoshanian			Longtanian †				254.14
		Wuchiapingian	Laibinian			Longtanian †				257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan						Ohre/Aller	259.51
		Wordian	Kuhfengian						Leine	264.28
		Wordian		Noginskian					Leine	264.9 *
		Roadian						Permian 3		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian					Permian 2		273.01
		Kungurian		Pavlovoposadian						276.8 *
		Artinskian					283.5
			Longlinian				285.4 *
				Rusavkinian			287.6 *
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian	Zisongian				Permian 1	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Zisongian				Carboniferous 5	298.9
		Gzhelian						300.1
		Kasimovian		Dorogomilovian				303.7
				Khamovnikian				304.8
				Krevyakinian				305.8 *
		Moscovian		Myachkovian			Carboniferous 4	307
				Podolskian				308.9 *
				Kashirian				311.4 *
				Vereian				313.8
				Melekessian				314.8
		Bashkirian		Melekessian				315.2
				Cheremshanian				316.9 *
				Prikamian				318.6 *
				Severokeltmian				319.9 *
				Krasnopolyanian				321.2 *
				Voznesenian				321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Zapaltjubian			Carboniferous 3	323.2
				Protvian				324.4 *
				Steshevian				326.8 *
				Tarusian	329 *
		Visean		Venevian	Carboniferous 2		330.9
				Mikhailovian			331.9 *
				Aleksinian			333.7 *
				Tulian			335.8 *
				Bobrikian			339.9 *
				Radaevkian			343.4 *
		Tournaisian		Kosvian	Carboniferous 1		346.7
				Kizelian			350.7 *
				Cherepetian			351.9 *
				Karakubian			354.4 *
				Upinian			356.3 *
				Malevkian			357.6 *
				Gumerovian			358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Devonian 5		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			Devonian 4		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			Devonian 3		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Devonian 3		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			Devonian 2		393.3
		Pragian			Devonian 1		407.6
		Lochkovian			Devonian 1		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				Silurian 2		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			Silurian 1		433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Ordovician 5		443.8
		Katian			Ordovician 5		445.2
		Sandbian			Ordovician 4		453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Ordovician 3		458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			Ordovician 2		467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Ordovician 2	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			Ordovician 1	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Cambrian 5	485.4
		Jiangshanian				489.5
		Paibian				494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Series 3 †	Cambrian 4	497
		Drumian				Cambrian 4	500.5
		Wuliuan				Stage 5 †	Cambrian 3	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4					Cambrian 3	509
	Series 2	Stage 3					Cambrian 2	514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2					Cambrian 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian					Cambrian 1	529
										538.8