PBDB Timescale

Permian of China

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view

There are 16 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 42 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of China	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Permian of Western Europe	Permian Subages of Germany	Ten Million Year Bins	Permian of North America		Permian of the Salt Range	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan						Cenozoic 6					0
		Northgrippian											0.0042
		Greenlandian											0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
		Chibanian											0.129
		Calabrian											0.774
		Gelasian											1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean											3.6
	Miocene	Messinian											5.333
		Tortonian											7.246
		Serravallian						Cenozoic 5					11.63
		Langhian											13.82
		Burdigalian											15.98
		Aquitanian											20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						Cenozoic 4					23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian						Cenozoic 4					27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian						Cenozoic 3					33.9
		Bartonian						Cenozoic 3					37.71
		Lutetian						Cenozoic 2					41.2
		Ypresian						Cenozoic 2					47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian						Cenozoic 1					56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian						Cretaceous 8					66
		Campanian						Cretaceous 7					72.1
		Santonian						Cretaceous 6					83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian						Cretaceous 5					93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian						Cretaceous 4					100.5
		Aptian						Cretaceous 3					113
		Barremian						Cretaceous 2					121.4
		Hauterivian						Cretaceous 2					125.77
		Valanginian						Cretaceous 1					132.6
		Berriasian						Cretaceous 1					139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian						Jurassic 6					145
		Kimmeridgian						Jurassic 5					149.2
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Bathonian						Jurassic 4					165.3
		Bajocian						Jurassic 4					168.2
		Aalenian						Jurassic 3					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian						Jurassic 3					174.7
		Pliensbachian						Jurassic 2					184.2
		Sinemurian						Jurassic 1					192.9
		Hettangian						Jurassic 1					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian						Triassic 4					201.4
		Norian						Triassic 4					208.5
		Carnian						Triassic 3					227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian						Triassic 2					237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian						Triassic 2					242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian						Triassic 1				Vokhmian	247.2
		Induan											251.2
		Induan									Kathwai		251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Meishanian	Melekhovian			Buntsandstein	Permian 4			Kathwai		251.902
													252.4 *
											Chhidru		252.9 *
			Baoqingian										253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian	Laoshanian			Zechstein						Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	254.14
											Kalabagh		255 *
											Wargal		256 *
			Laibinian										257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan			Rotliegendes	Ohre/Aller		Capitanian			Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	259.51
		Wordian	Kuhfengian		Leine		Wordian		Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	264.28
				Noginskian						264.9 *
											265.3 *
										Amb	266.1 *
		Roadian					Permian 3	Roadian	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	Amb	266.9
		Roadian					Permian 3	Roadian	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian		270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian				Permian 2	Leonardian	Cathedralian			273.01
				Pavlovoposadian					Cathedralian			276.8 *
									Hessian			281.9 *
		Artinskian				Autunian						283.5
			Longlinian									285.4 *
								Wolfcampian	Lenoxian			286.1 *
				Rusavkinian								287.6 *
		Sakmarian										290.1
		Asselian	Zisongian				Permian 1		Nealian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Zisongian			Mapingian †		Carboniferous 5					298.9
		Gzhelian											300.1
		Kasimovian		Dorogomilovian									303.7
				Khamovnikian									304.8
				Krevyakinian									305.8 *
				Krevyakinian									305.9
		Moscovian		Myachkovian				Carboniferous 4					307
				Podolskian									308.9 *
				Kashirian									311.4 *
				Vereian									313.8
				Melekessian									314.8
		Bashkirian		Melekessian									315.2
				Cheremshanian									316.9 *
				Prikamian									318.6 *
				Severokeltmian									319.9 *
				Krasnopolyanian									321.2 *
				Voznesenian									321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Zapaltjubian				Carboniferous 3					323.2
				Protvian									324.4 *
				Steshevian									326.8 *
				Tarusian									329 *
		Visean		Venevian				Carboniferous 2					330.9
				Mikhailovian									331.9 *
				Aleksinian									333.7 *
				Tulian									335.8 *
				Bobrikian									339.9 *
				Radaevkian									343.4 *
		Tournaisian		Kosvian				Carboniferous 1					346.7
				Kizelian									350.7 *
				Cherepetian									351.9 *
				Karakubian									354.4 *
				Upinian									356.3 *
				Malevkian									357.6 *
				Gumerovian									358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						Devonian 5					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						Devonian 4					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						Devonian 3					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						Devonian 3					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						Devonian 2					393.3
		Pragian						Devonian 1					407.6
		Lochkovian						Devonian 1					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							Silurian 2					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian											423
	Ludlow	Gorstian											425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian											427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian											430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						Silurian 1					433.4
		Aeronian											438.5
		Rhuddanian											440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Ordovician 5					443.8
		Katian						Ordovician 5					445.2
		Sandbian						Ordovician 4					453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						Ordovician 3					458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			Ordovician 2			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Ordovician 2			470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			Ordovician 1			477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Cambrian 5			485.4
		Jiangshanian						489.5
		Paibian						494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Cambrian 4			497
		Drumian			Cambrian 4			500.5
		Wuliuan			Cambrian 3			504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4			Cambrian 3			509
	Series 2	Stage 3			Cambrian 2			514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2			Cambrian 2		521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1		529
													538.8