PBDB Timescale

Permian of China

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 16 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 42 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of China	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Ten Million Year Bins	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Permian of Western Europe	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Carboniferous of Western Europe
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan			Cenozoic 6							0
		Northgrippian										0.0042
		Greenlandian										0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										0.0117
		Chibanian										0.129
		Calabrian										0.774
		Gelasian										1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean										3.6
	Miocene	Messinian										5.333
		Tortonian										7.246
		Serravallian			Cenozoic 5							11.63
		Langhian										13.82
		Burdigalian										15.98
		Aquitanian										20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Cenozoic 4							23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian			Cenozoic 4							27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian			Cenozoic 3							33.9
		Bartonian			Cenozoic 3							37.71
		Lutetian			Cenozoic 2							41.2
		Ypresian			Cenozoic 2							47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian			Cenozoic 1							56
		Selandian										59.2
		Danian										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Cretaceous 8							66
		Campanian			Cretaceous 7							72.1
		Santonian			Cretaceous 6							83.6
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian			Cretaceous 5							93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian			Cretaceous 4							100.5
		Aptian			Cretaceous 3							113
		Barremian			Cretaceous 2							121.4
		Hauterivian			Cretaceous 2							125.77
		Valanginian			Cretaceous 1							132.6
		Berriasian			Cretaceous 1							139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			Jurassic 6			Oteke	Puaroan			145
		Kimmeridgian			Jurassic 5			Oteke	Puaroan			149.2
								Kawhia	Ohauan			150
									Heterian			154.5
		Oxfordian										154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
		Callovian							Temaikan			164.3
		Bathonian			Jurassic 4							165.3
		Bajocian			Jurassic 4							168.2
		Aalenian			Jurassic 3							170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
		Toarcian						Herangi	Ururoan			176
		Pliensbachian			Jurassic 2				Ururoan			184.2
		Pliensbachian			Jurassic 2				Aratauran			188.9
		Sinemurian			Jurassic 1							192.9
		Hettangian			Jurassic 1							199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			Triassic 4			Balfour	Otapirian			201.4
		Norian							Warepan			208.5
									Otamitan			217
									Oretian			221
		Carnian			Triassic 3				Oretian			227
		Carnian			Triassic 3			Gore	Kaihikuan			227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Triassic 2				Kaihikuan			237
		Ladinian							Etalian			238
		Anisian							Etalian			242
		Anisian							Malakovian			246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			Triassic 1	Vokhmian			Malakovian			247.2
		Olenekian							Nelsonian			249
		Induan	251.2						Nelsonian
		Induan	DUrville	Makarewan			251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan	Meishanian	Melekhovian	Permian 4		251.902
				Waiitian	Meishanian				253.2
					Baoqingian				253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian			Laoshanian			Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	Zechstein	254.14
				Puruhauan	Laoshanian					254.2
				Puruhauan	Laibinian					257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan	Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	Rotliegendes			Aparima	Flettian	259.51
		Wordian	Kuhfengian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian						264.28
						Noginskian				264.9 *
									Barettian	266
		Roadian		Permian 3			Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian	Permian 2						273.01
									Mangapirian	276
						Pavlovoposadian				276.8 *
		Artinskian			Autunian					283.5
									Telfordian	285
			Longlinian							285.4 *
						Rusavkinian				287.6 *
										288.5
		Sakmarian								290.1
		Asselian	Zisongian	Permian 1						293.52
		Asselian		Permian 1						Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Carboniferous 5							298.9
											300.1
										Stephanian	Stephanian C	300.3 *
											Stephanian B	300.9 *
											Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian				Dorogomilovian						303.7
						Khamovnikian						304.8
						Khamovnikian					Cantabrian	305 *
						Krevyakinian						305.8 *
		Moscovian		Myachkovian		Carboniferous 4						307
				Myachkovian						Westphalian	Westphalian D	307.4 *
				Podolskian							Westphalian D	308.9 *
				Podolskian							Westphalian C	309.8
				Kashirian								311.4 *
				Vereian								313.8
				Vereian							Westphalian B	314.6
				Melekessian								314.8
		Bashkirian		Melekessian								315.2
				Cheremshanian								316.9 *
				Cheremshanian							Westphalian A	317 *
				Prikamian							Westphalian A	318.6 *
				Prikamian						Namurian	Yeadonian	318.8 *
				Severokeltmian							Yeadonian	319.9 *
				Severokeltmian							Marsdenian	320.2 *
				Krasnopolyanian							Marsdenian	321.2 *
				Krasnopolyanian							Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
				Voznesenian							Kinderscoutian	321.9 *
											Alportian	322 *
											Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Zapaltjubian		Carboniferous 3					Chokierian	323.2
				Zapaltjubian							Arnsbergian	324 *
				Protvian								324.4 *
				Steshevian								326.8 *
				Steshevian							Pendleian	327.4 *
				Tarusian							Pendleian	329 *
		Visean		Venevian		Carboniferous 2				Warnantian	Brigantian †	330.9
				Mikhailovian								331.9 *
				Aleksinian								333.7 *
				Tulian								335.8 *
				Tulian						Livian	Asbian †	336.3 *
				Bobrikian						Livian	Asbian †	339.9 *
				Bobrikian						Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
				Radaevkian						Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	343.4 *
		Tournaisian		Kosvian		Carboniferous 1				Ivorian		346.7
				Kizelian								350.7 *
				Cherepetian								351.9 *
				Cherepetian						Hastarian		353.7 *
				Karakubian								354.4 *
				Upinian								356.3 *
				Malevkian								357.6 *
				Gumerovian								358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Devonian 5						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				Devonian 4						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				Devonian 3	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Devonian 3	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				Devonian 2	393.3
		Pragian				Devonian 1	407.6
		Lochkovian				Devonian 1	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					Silurian 2	419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				Silurian 1	433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5		443.8
		Katian	Ordovician 5		445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4		453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3		458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2		467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2		470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1		477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5		485.4
		Jiangshanian			489.5
		Paibian			494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4		497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4		500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3		509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2		514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2		521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1		529
												538.8