PBDB Timescale

Permian of China

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view

There are 16 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 42 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of China	Permian of North America		Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Carboniferous of North America	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Tertiary †						2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean										3.6
	Miocene	Messinian										5.333
		Tortonian										7.246
		Serravallian										11.63
		Langhian										13.82
		Burdigalian										15.98
		Aquitanian										20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian										27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian										33.9
		Bartonian										37.71
		Lutetian										41.2
		Ypresian										47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian										56
		Selandian										59.2
		Danian										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
		Campanian										72.1
		Santonian										83.6
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian										93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
		Aptian										113
		Barremian										121.4
		Hauterivian										125.77
		Valanginian										132.6
		Berriasian										139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
		Kimmeridgian										149.2
		Oxfordian										154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
		Bathonian										165.3
		Bajocian										168.2
		Aalenian										170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
		Pliensbachian										184.2
		Sinemurian										192.9
		Hettangian										199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
		Norian										208.5
		Carnian										227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian										237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian										242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian									Vokhmian	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan									Vokhmian	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Meishanian									251.902
		Changhsingian	Baoqingian									253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian	Laoshanian				Longtanian †				Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	254.14
		Wuchiapingian	Laibinian				Longtanian †				Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan	Capitanian							Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	259.51
		Wordian	Kuhfengian	Wordian							Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	264.28
		Roadian	Kuhfengian	Roadian							Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian	Leonardian	Cathedralian							273.01
		Kungurian			Hessian							281.9 *
		Artinskian										283.5
			Longlinian									285.4 *
				Wolfcampian	Lenoxian							286.1 *
		Sakmarian			Lenoxian							290.1
		Asselian	Zisongian		Nealian				Bursumian †			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Zisongian						Virgilian	Mapingian †		298.9
		Gzhelian							Virgilian			300.1
		Kasimovian							Missourian			303.7
		Kasimovian						Desmoinesian		305.9 *
		Moscovian						Desmoinesian		307
		Moscovian						Atokan		312.7 *
		Bashkirian						Atokan		315.2
		Bashkirian						Morrowan		318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						Chesterian		323.2
		Visean						Chesterian		330.9
								Meramecian		335.8 *
								Osagean		343.1 *
		Tournaisian						Osagean		346.7
		Tournaisian						Kinderhookian		351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian								358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian								372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian								382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian								387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian								393.3
		Pragian								407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				443.8
		Katian				445.2
		Sandbian				453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian				467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian				470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian				477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				485.4
		Jiangshanian				489.5
		Paibian				494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Series 3 †				497
		Drumian								500.5
		Wuliuan					Stage 5 †			504.5
												509