PBDB Timescale

Permian of China

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view

There are 16 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 42 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of China	Permian of North America		Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Carboniferous of China	Permian of the Pamirs	Permian of the Russian Platform		Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Carboniferous of North America	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Tertiary †												2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean																3.6
	Miocene	Messinian																5.333
		Tortonian																7.246
		Serravallian																11.63
		Langhian																13.82
		Burdigalian																15.98
		Aquitanian																20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																33.9
		Bartonian																37.71
		Lutetian																41.2
		Ypresian																47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																56
		Selandian																59.2
		Danian																61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																66
		Campanian																72.1
		Santonian																83.6
		Coniacian																86.3
		Turonian																89.8
		Cenomanian																93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																100.5
		Aptian																113
		Barremian																121.4
		Hauterivian																125.77
		Valanginian																132.6
		Berriasian																139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											Oteke	Puaroan				145
		Kimmeridgian											Oteke	Puaroan				149.2
													Kawhia	Ohauan				150
														Heterian				154.5
		Oxfordian																154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																161.5
		Callovian												Temaikan				164.3
		Bathonian																165.3
		Bajocian																168.2
		Aalenian																170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																174.7
		Toarcian											Herangi	Ururoan				176
		Pliensbachian												Ururoan				184.2
		Pliensbachian												Aratauran				188.9
		Sinemurian																192.9
		Hettangian																199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											Balfour	Otapirian				201.4
		Norian												Warepan				208.5
														Otamitan				217
														Oretian				221
		Carnian												Oretian				227
		Carnian											Gore	Kaihikuan				227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian												Kaihikuan				237
		Ladinian												Etalian				238
		Anisian												Etalian				242
		Anisian												Malakovian				246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian												Malakovian			Vokhmian	247.2
		Olenekian												Nelsonian				249
		Induan												Nelsonian				251.2
		Induan											DUrville	Makarewan				251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Meishanian							Dorashamian				Makarewan				251.902
			Meishanian											Waiitian				253.2
			Baoqingian															253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian	Laoshanian				Longtanian †			Dzhulfian							Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	254.14
														Puruhauan				254.2
				Tatarian	Vyatkian			256.8 *
			Laibinian		Vyatkian			257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan		Capitanian			Midian	Severodvinian	Aparima	Flettian	Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	259.51
		Wordian	Kuhfengian		Wordian				Urzhumian		Flettian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	264.28
											Barettian		266
								Murgabian					266.2 *
		Roadian		Roadian	Kazanian				Povolzhian			Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	266.9
		Roadian		Roadian	Kazanian				Sokian			Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian	Leonardian	Cathedralian			Kubergandian	Kungurian			Irenian/Ufimian		273.01
											Mangapirian	Irenian/Ufimian		276
												Filipovian		276.5 *
								Bolorian				Filipovian		279.8
												Saraninian		280.1 *
					Hessian							Saraninian		281.9 *
		Artinskian							Artinskian			Sarginian		283.5
											Telfordian			285
			Longlinian											285.4 *
						Irginian						285.9 *
								Yakhtashian				286
				Wolfcampian	Lenoxian							286.1 *
						Burtsevian						287.8 *
						Burtsevian						288.5
		Sakmarian				Sakmarian		Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian			290.1
		Sakmarian				Sakmarian		Sakmarian	Tastubian			291.7 *
		Asselian	Zisongian		Nealian	Asselian		Asselian	Shikhanian			Bursumian †		293.52
									Uskalykian					294.8
									Surenian					297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian										Virgilian		Mapingian †	298.9
															Xiaodushanian	300 *
																300.1
		Kasimovian										Missourian				303.7
												Missourian			Dalaun	305.8 *
												Desmoinesian				305.9 *
		Moscovian										Desmoinesian				307
		Moscovian										Atokan				312.7 *
		Bashkirian										Atokan				315.2
												Morrowan				318.4 *
															Huashibanian	318.5 *
															Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian										Dewunian			Chesterian	323.2
		Serpukhovian										Shangsian				330.8 *
		Visean										Shangsian				330.9
												Jiusian				335 *
															Meramecian	335.8 *
															Osagean	343.1 *
		Tournaisian										Tangbagouan			Osagean	346.7
		Tournaisian										Tangbagouan			Kinderhookian	351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian														358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian														372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian														382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian														387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian														393.3
		Pragian														407.6
		Lochkovian														410.8
Silurian	Pridoli															419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian														423
	Ludlow	Gorstian														425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian														427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian														430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian														433.4
		Aeronian														438.5
		Rhuddanian														440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian														443.8
		Katian														445.2
		Sandbian														453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian														458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian					470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					485.4
		Jiangshanian					489.5
		Paibian					494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Series 3 †						497
		Drumian											500.5
		Wuliuan											Stage 5 †			504.5
																		509