PBDB Timescale

Permian of China

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 16 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 42 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of China	Permian of North America		Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Permian of the Salt Range	Permian of Western Europe	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Permian of the Russian Platform		Carboniferous of North America	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Tertiary †										2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean														3.6
	Miocene	Messinian														5.333
		Tortonian														7.246
		Serravallian														11.63
		Langhian														13.82
		Burdigalian														15.98
		Aquitanian														20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian														23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian														27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian														33.9
		Bartonian														37.71
		Lutetian														41.2
		Ypresian														47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian														56
		Selandian														59.2
		Danian														61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
		Campanian														72.1
		Santonian														83.6
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
		Cenomanian														93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
		Aptian														113
		Barremian														121.4
		Hauterivian														125.77
		Valanginian														132.6
		Berriasian														139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
		Kimmeridgian														149.2
		Oxfordian														154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
		Bathonian														165.3
		Bajocian														168.2
		Aalenian														170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
		Pliensbachian														184.2
		Sinemurian														192.9
		Hettangian														199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
		Norian														208.5
		Carnian														227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian														237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian														242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian									Vokhmian					247.2
		Induan														251.2
		Induan							Kathwai							251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Meishanian						Kathwai							251.902
																252.4 *
									Chhidru							252.9 *
			Baoqingian													253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian	Laoshanian				Longtanian †			Zechstein	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian					254.14
									Kalabagh							255 *
									Wargal							256 *
												Tatarian	Vyatkian			256.8 *
			Laibinian										Vyatkian			257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan	Capitanian						Rotliegendes	Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian		Severodvinian			259.51
		Wordian	Kuhfengian	Wordian							Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian		Urzhumian			264.28
																265.3 *
									Amb							266.1 *
		Roadian		Roadian					Amb		Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	Kazanian	Povolzhian			266.9
		Roadian		Roadian							Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	Kazanian	Sokian			270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian	Leonardian	Cathedralian							Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian			273.01
								Filipovian					276.5 *
								Saraninian					280.1 *
					Hessian			Saraninian					281.9 *
		Artinskian						Autunian		Artinskian		Sarginian	283.5
			Longlinian									Sarginian	285.4 *
												Irginian	285.9 *
				Wolfcampian	Lenoxian							Irginian	286.1 *
												Burtsevian	287.8 *
		Sakmarian								Sakmarian		Sterlitamakian	290.1
		Sakmarian								Sakmarian		Tastubian	291.7 *
		Asselian	Zisongian		Nealian					Asselian		Shikhanian	Bursumian †	293.52
												Uskalykian		294.8
												Surenian		297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian											Virgilian	Mapingian †	298.9
		Gzhelian											Virgilian		300.1
		Kasimovian											Missourian		303.7
		Kasimovian											Desmoinesian		305.9 *
		Moscovian				307							Desmoinesian
		Moscovian				Atokan							312.7 *
		Bashkirian				Atokan							315.2
		Bashkirian				Morrowan							318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Chesterian							323.2
		Visean				Chesterian							330.9
						Meramecian							335.8 *
						Osagean							343.1 *
		Tournaisian				Osagean							346.7
		Tournaisian				Kinderhookian							351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian											358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian											372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian											382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian											387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian											393.3
		Pragian											407.6
		Lochkovian											410.8
Silurian	Pridoli												419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian											423
	Ludlow	Gorstian											425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian											427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian											430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian											433.4
		Aeronian											438.5
		Rhuddanian											440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian											443.8
		Katian											445.2
		Sandbian											453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian											458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian											467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian											470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian											477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10											485.4
		Jiangshanian											489.5
		Paibian											494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian											Series 3 †		497
		Drumian													500.5
		Wuliuan					Stage 5 †								504.5
																509