PBDB Timescale

Permian of China

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view

There are 16 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 42 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of China	Permian of North America		Carboniferous of North America	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Permian Subages of Germany	Ten Million Year Bins	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Carboniferous of China
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan									Cenozoic 6			0
		Northgrippian												0.0042
		Greenlandian												0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												0.0117
		Chibanian												0.129
		Calabrian												0.774
		Gelasian												1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Tertiary †							2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean												3.6
	Miocene	Messinian												5.333
		Tortonian												7.246
		Serravallian									Cenozoic 5			11.63
		Langhian												13.82
		Burdigalian												15.98
		Aquitanian												20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									Cenozoic 4			23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian									Cenozoic 4			27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian									Cenozoic 3			33.9
		Bartonian									Cenozoic 3			37.71
		Lutetian									Cenozoic 2			41.2
		Ypresian									Cenozoic 2			47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian									Cenozoic 1			56
		Selandian												59.2
		Danian												61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									Cretaceous 8			66
		Campanian									Cretaceous 7			72.1
		Santonian									Cretaceous 6			83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian									Cretaceous 5			93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian									Cretaceous 4			100.5
		Aptian									Cretaceous 3			113
		Barremian									Cretaceous 2			121.4
		Hauterivian									Cretaceous 2			125.77
		Valanginian									Cretaceous 1			132.6
		Berriasian									Cretaceous 1			139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									Jurassic 6			145
		Kimmeridgian									Jurassic 5			149.2
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Bathonian									Jurassic 4			165.3
		Bajocian									Jurassic 4			168.2
		Aalenian									Jurassic 3			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian									Jurassic 3			174.7
		Pliensbachian									Jurassic 2			184.2
		Sinemurian									Jurassic 1			192.9
		Hettangian									Jurassic 1			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian									Triassic 4			201.4
		Norian									Triassic 4			208.5
		Carnian									Triassic 3			227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian									Triassic 2			237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian									Triassic 2			242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian									Triassic 1			247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan									Triassic 1			251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Meishanian							Buntsandstein	Permian 4			251.902
		Changhsingian	Baoqingian											253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian	Laoshanian					Longtanian †						254.14
		Wuchiapingian	Laibinian					Longtanian †						257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan	Capitanian						Ohre/Aller				259.51
		Wordian	Kuhfengian	Wordian						Leine				264.28
		Roadian	Kuhfengian	Roadian							Permian 3			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian	Leonardian	Cathedralian						Permian 2			273.01
		Kungurian			Hessian									281.9 *
		Artinskian												283.5
			Longlinian			285.4 *
				Wolfcampian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
		Sakmarian			Lenoxian	290.1
		Asselian	Zisongian		Nealian	Bursumian †			Permian 1		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Virgilian			Carboniferous 5		Mapingian †	298.9
												Xiaodushanian	300 *
													300.1
		Kasimovian				Missourian							303.7
						Missourian						Dalaun	305.8 *
						Desmoinesian							305.9 *
		Moscovian				Desmoinesian			Carboniferous 4				307
		Moscovian				Atokan							312.7 *
		Bashkirian				Atokan							315.2
						Morrowan							318.4 *
												Huashibanian	318.5 *
												Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Chesterian			Carboniferous 3			Dewunian	323.2
		Serpukhovian							Carboniferous 3			Shangsian	330.8 *
		Visean							Carboniferous 2			Shangsian	330.9
												Jiusian	335 *
						Meramecian							335.8 *
						Osagean							343.1 *
		Tournaisian				Osagean			Carboniferous 1			Tangbagouan	346.7
		Tournaisian				Kinderhookian			Carboniferous 1			Tangbagouan	351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					Devonian 5					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					Devonian 4					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					Devonian 3					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					Devonian 3					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					Devonian 2					393.3
		Pragian					Devonian 1					407.6
		Lochkovian					Devonian 1					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						Silurian 2					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian										423
	Ludlow	Gorstian										425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian										427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian										430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					Silurian 1					433.4
		Aeronian										438.5
		Rhuddanian										440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Ordovician 5					443.8
		Katian					Ordovician 5					445.2
		Sandbian					Ordovician 4					453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					Ordovician 3					458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					Ordovician 2					467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian					Ordovician 2					470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					Ordovician 1					477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Cambrian 5					485.4
		Jiangshanian										489.5
		Paibian										494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Series 3 †					Cambrian 4	497
		Drumian										Cambrian 4	500.5
		Wuliuan						Stage 5 †				Cambrian 3	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4										Cambrian 3	509
	Series 2	Stage 3										Cambrian 2	514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2										Cambrian 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian										Cambrian 1	529
														538.8