PBDB Timescale

Permian of China

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view

There are 16 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 42 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of China	Permian of North America		Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Carboniferous of China	Permian Subages of Germany	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Carboniferous of North America	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Tertiary †					2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean													3.6
	Miocene	Messinian													5.333
		Tortonian													7.246
		Serravallian													11.63
		Langhian													13.82
		Burdigalian													15.98
		Aquitanian													20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian													27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian													33.9
		Bartonian													37.71
		Lutetian													41.2
		Ypresian													47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian													56
		Selandian													59.2
		Danian													61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
		Campanian													72.1
		Santonian													83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian													93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
		Aptian													113
		Barremian													121.4
		Hauterivian													125.77
		Valanginian													132.6
		Berriasian													139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian													145
		Kimmeridgian													149.2
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Bathonian													165.3
		Bajocian													168.2
		Aalenian													170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
		Pliensbachian													184.2
		Sinemurian													192.9
		Hettangian													199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian													201.4
		Norian													208.5
		Carnian													227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian													237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian													242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian												Vokhmian	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan												Vokhmian	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Meishanian			Melekhovian		Buntsandstein							251.902
		Changhsingian	Baoqingian												253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian	Laoshanian								Longtanian †			Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	254.14
		Wuchiapingian	Laibinian								Longtanian †			Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan	Capitanian				Ohre/Aller						Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	259.51
		Wordian	Kuhfengian	Wordian				Leine						Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	264.28
		Wordian		Wordian		Noginskian		Leine						Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	264.9 *
		Roadian		Roadian										Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian	Leonardian	Cathedralian										273.01
					Cathedralian	Pavlovoposadian									276.8 *
					Hessian										281.9 *
		Artinskian													283.5
			Longlinian												285.4 *
				Wolfcampian	Lenoxian										286.1 *
						Rusavkinian									287.6 *
		Sakmarian													290.1
		Asselian	Zisongian		Nealian								Bursumian †		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Mapingian †		Virgilian			298.9
												Xiaodushanian	300 *
													300.1
		Kasimovian				Dorogomilovian			Missourian				303.7
						Khamovnikian							304.8
						Krevyakinian						Dalaun	305.8 *
						Krevyakinian			Desmoinesian				305.9 *
		Moscovian				Myachkovian							307
						Podolskian							308.9 *
						Kashirian							311.4 *
						Kashirian			Atokan				312.7 *
						Vereian							313.8
						Melekessian							314.8
		Bashkirian				Melekessian							315.2
						Cheremshanian							316.9 *
									Morrowan				318.4 *
												Huashibanian	318.5 *
						Prikamian				318.6 *
						Severokeltmian				319.9 *
						Krasnopolyanian				Lousuan		321.2 *
						Voznesenian				Lousuan		321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Zapaltjubian			Dewunian	Chesterian		323.2
						Protvian						324.4 *
						Steshevian						326.8 *
						Tarusian						329 *
						Tarusian			Shangsian			330.8 *
		Visean				Venevian						330.9
						Mikhailovian						331.9 *
						Aleksinian						333.7 *
						Aleksinian			Jiusian			335 *
						Tulian				Meramecian		335.8 *
						Bobrikian				Meramecian		339.9 *
						Bobrikian				Osagean		343.1 *
						Radaevkian						343.4 *
		Tournaisian				Kosvian			Tangbagouan			346.7
						Kizelian						350.7 *
						Cherepetian				Kinderhookian		351.9 *
						Karakubian						354.4 *
						Upinian						356.3 *
						Malevkian						357.6 *
						Gumerovian						358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian										358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian										372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian										382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian										387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian										393.3
		Pragian										407.6
		Lochkovian										410.8
Silurian	Pridoli											419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian										423
	Ludlow	Gorstian										425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian									427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian									430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian									433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						443.8
		Katian						445.2
		Sandbian						453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian						467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian						470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian						477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						485.4
		Jiangshanian		489.5
		Paibian		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †	497
		Drumian		500.5
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †	504.5
															509