PBDB Timescale

Permian of China

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view

There are 16 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 42 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of China	Permian of North America		Permian of the Pamirs	Carboniferous of North America	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Carboniferous Subepochs	Permian of Western Europe
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Tertiary †					2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean													3.6
	Miocene	Messinian													5.333
		Tortonian													7.246
		Serravallian													11.63
		Langhian													13.82
		Burdigalian													15.98
		Aquitanian													20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian													27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian													33.9
		Bartonian													37.71
		Lutetian													41.2
		Ypresian													47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian													56
		Selandian													59.2
		Danian													61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
		Campanian													72.1
		Santonian													83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian													93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
		Aptian													113
		Barremian													121.4
		Hauterivian													125.77
		Valanginian													132.6
		Berriasian													139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian						Oteke	Puaroan						145
		Kimmeridgian						Oteke	Puaroan						149.2
								Kawhia	Ohauan						150
									Heterian						154.5
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Callovian							Temaikan						164.3
		Bathonian													165.3
		Bajocian													168.2
		Aalenian													170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
		Toarcian						Herangi	Ururoan						176
		Pliensbachian							Ururoan						184.2
		Pliensbachian							Aratauran						188.9
		Sinemurian													192.9
		Hettangian													199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian						Balfour	Otapirian						201.4
		Norian							Warepan						208.5
									Otamitan						217
									Oretian						221
		Carnian							Oretian						227
		Carnian						Gore	Kaihikuan						227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian							Kaihikuan						237
		Ladinian							Etalian						238
		Anisian							Etalian						242
		Anisian							Malakovian						246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian							Malakovian						247.2
		Olenekian							Nelsonian						249
		Induan							Nelsonian						251.2
		Induan						DUrville	Makarewan						251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Meishanian			Dorashamian			Makarewan						251.902
			Meishanian						Waiitian						253.2
			Baoqingian												253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian	Laoshanian			Dzhulfian					Longtanian †			Zechstein	254.14
			Laoshanian						Puruhauan						254.2
			Laibinian	257.7 *					Puruhauan
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan	Capitanian	Midian	Aparima	Flettian		Rotliegendes		259.51
		Wordian	Kuhfengian	Wordian			Flettian				264.28
							Barettian				266
					Murgabian						266.2 *
		Roadian		Roadian	Murgabian						266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian	Leonardian	Cathedralian						Kubergandian	273.01
							Mangapirian				Kubergandian	276
											Bolorian	279.8
					Hessian							281.9 *
		Artinskian							Autunian			283.5
							Telfordian					285
			Longlinian									285.4 *
											Yakhtashian	286
				Wolfcampian	Lenoxian							286.1 *
												288.5
		Sakmarian									Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian	Zisongian		Nealian					Asselian	Bursumian †	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Zisongian							Virgilian	Late Pennsylvanian		298.9
		Gzhelian								Virgilian			300.1
		Kasimovian								Missourian			303.7
		Kasimovian								Desmoinesian			305.9 *
		Moscovian								Desmoinesian	Middle Pennsylvanian		307
		Moscovian								Atokan	Middle Pennsylvanian		312.7 *
		Bashkirian								Atokan	Early Pennsylvanian		315.2
		Bashkirian								Morrowan	Early Pennsylvanian		318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian								Chesterian	Late Mississippian		323.2
		Visean								Chesterian	Middle Mississippian		330.9
										Meramecian			335.8 *
										Osagean			343.1 *
		Tournaisian								Osagean	Early Mississippian		346.7
		Tournaisian								Kinderhookian	Early Mississippian		351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian											358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian											372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian											382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian											387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian											393.3
		Pragian											407.6
		Lochkovian											410.8
Silurian	Pridoli												419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian											423
	Ludlow	Gorstian											425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian											427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian											430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian											433.4
		Aeronian											438.5
		Rhuddanian											440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian											443.8
		Katian											445.2
		Sandbian											453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian											458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian											467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian											470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian											477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10											485.4
		Jiangshanian											489.5
		Paibian											494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian											Series 3 †	497
		Drumian												500.5
		Wuliuan						Stage 5 †						504.5
															509