PBDB Timescale

Permian of China

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view

There are 16 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 42 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of China	Permian of North America		Ten Million Year Bins	Permian of Western Europe	Permian Subages of Germany	Permian of the Salt Range	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Cenozoic 6						0
		Northgrippian										0.0042
		Greenlandian										0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										0.0117
		Chibanian										0.129
		Calabrian										0.774
		Gelasian										1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean										3.6
	Miocene	Messinian										5.333
		Tortonian										7.246
		Serravallian				Cenozoic 5						11.63
		Langhian										13.82
		Burdigalian										15.98
		Aquitanian										20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Cenozoic 4						23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian				Cenozoic 4						27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian				Cenozoic 3						33.9
		Bartonian				Cenozoic 3						37.71
		Lutetian				Cenozoic 2						41.2
		Ypresian				Cenozoic 2						47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Cenozoic 1						56
		Selandian										59.2
		Danian										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Cretaceous 8						66
		Campanian				Cretaceous 7						72.1
		Santonian				Cretaceous 6						83.6
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian				Cretaceous 5						93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				Cretaceous 4						100.5
		Aptian				Cretaceous 3						113
		Barremian				Cretaceous 2						121.4
		Hauterivian				Cretaceous 2						125.77
		Valanginian				Cretaceous 1						132.6
		Berriasian				Cretaceous 1						139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Jurassic 6						145
		Kimmeridgian				Jurassic 5						149.2
		Oxfordian										154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
		Bathonian				Jurassic 4						165.3
		Bajocian				Jurassic 4						168.2
		Aalenian				Jurassic 3						170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				Jurassic 3						174.7
		Pliensbachian				Jurassic 2						184.2
		Sinemurian				Jurassic 1						192.9
		Hettangian				Jurassic 1						199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				Triassic 4						201.4
		Norian				Triassic 4						208.5
		Carnian				Triassic 3						227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				Triassic 2						237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian				Triassic 2						242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				Triassic 1					Vokhmian	247.2
		Induan										251.2
		Induan							Kathwai			251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Meishanian			Permian 4		Buntsandstein	Kathwai			251.902
												252.4 *
									Chhidru			252.9 *
			Baoqingian									253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian	Laoshanian				Zechstein				Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	254.14
									Kalabagh			255 *
									Wargal			256 *
			Laibinian									257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan	Capitanian			Rotliegendes	Ohre/Aller			Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	259.51
		Wordian	Kuhfengian	Wordian	Leine			Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian		264.28
										265.3 *
									Amb	266.1 *
		Roadian		Roadian	Permian 3			Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	Amb	266.9
		Roadian		Roadian	Permian 3			Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian		270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian	Leonardian	Cathedralian			Permian 2			273.01
		Kungurian			Hessian						281.9 *
		Artinskian					Autunian				283.5
			Longlinian								285.4 *
				Wolfcampian	Lenoxian						286.1 *
		Sakmarian			Lenoxian						290.1
		Asselian	Zisongian		Nealian			Permian 1			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Zisongian				Carboniferous 5				Mapingian †	298.9
		Gzhelian										300.1
		Kasimovian										303.7
		Kasimovian										305.9
		Moscovian					Carboniferous 4					307
		Bashkirian					Carboniferous 4					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Carboniferous 3					323.2
		Visean					Carboniferous 2					330.9
		Tournaisian					Carboniferous 1					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					Devonian 5					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					Devonian 4					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					Devonian 3					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					Devonian 3					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					Devonian 2					393.3
		Pragian					Devonian 1					407.6
		Lochkovian					Devonian 1					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						Silurian 2					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian										423
	Ludlow	Gorstian										425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian										427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian										430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					Silurian 1					433.4
		Aeronian										438.5
		Rhuddanian										440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Ordovician 5					443.8
		Katian					Ordovician 5					445.2
		Sandbian					Ordovician 4					453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					Ordovician 3					458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					Ordovician 2					467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian					Ordovician 2					470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					Ordovician 1					477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Cambrian 5					485.4
		Jiangshanian										489.5
		Paibian										494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Cambrian 4					497
		Drumian					Cambrian 4					500.5
		Wuliuan					Cambrian 3					504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4					Cambrian 3					509
	Series 2	Stage 3					Cambrian 2					514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2					Cambrian 2					521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian					Cambrian 1					529
												538.8