PBDB Timescale

Permian of China

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 16 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 42 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of China	Permian of the Salt Range	Permian of North America		Carboniferous of Western Europe		Permian of the Pamirs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Permian of the Russian Platform
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan														0
		Northgrippian														0.0042
		Greenlandian														0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene														0.0117
		Chibanian														0.129
		Calabrian														0.774
		Gelasian														1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Tertiary †						2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean														3.6
	Miocene	Messinian														5.333
		Tortonian														7.246
		Serravallian														11.63
		Langhian														13.82
		Burdigalian														15.98
		Aquitanian														20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian														23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian														27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian														33.9
		Bartonian														37.71
		Lutetian														41.2
		Ypresian														47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian														56
		Selandian														59.2
		Danian														61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
		Campanian														72.1
		Santonian														83.6
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
		Cenomanian														93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
		Aptian														113
		Barremian														121.4
		Hauterivian														125.77
		Valanginian														132.6
		Berriasian														139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian														145
		Kimmeridgian														149.2
		Oxfordian														154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
		Bathonian														165.3
		Bajocian														168.2
		Aalenian														170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
		Pliensbachian														184.2
		Sinemurian														192.9
		Hettangian														199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
		Norian														208.5
		Carnian														227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian														237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian														242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian														247.2
		Induan														251.2
		Induan		Kathwai												251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Meishanian	Kathwai					Dorashamian							251.902
																252.4 *
				Chhidru												252.9 *
			Baoqingian													253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian	Laoshanian						Dzhulfian		Longtanian †					254.14
				Kalabagh												255 *
				Wargal												256 *
														Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
			Laibinian												Vyatkian	257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan		Capitanian	Midian		Severodvinian	259.51
		Wordian	Kuhfengian		Wordian			Urzhumian	264.28
									265.3 *
				Amb					266.1 *
						Murgabian			266.2 *
		Roadian			Roadian			Kazanian	Povolzhian		266.9
		Roadian			Roadian			Kazanian	Sokian		270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian		Leonardian	Cathedralian		Kubergandian	Kungurian		Irenian/Ufimian	273.01
								Kubergandian			Filipovian	276.5 *
								Bolorian			Filipovian	279.8
											Saraninian	280.1 *
						Hessian					Saraninian	281.9 *
		Artinskian							Artinskian		Sarginian	283.5
			Longlinian								Sarginian	285.4 *
											Irginian	285.9 *
								Yakhtashian				286
					Wolfcampian	Lenoxian						286.1 *
											Burtsevian	287.8 *
		Sakmarian						Sakmarian	Sakmarian		Sterlitamakian	290.1
		Sakmarian						Sakmarian	Sakmarian		Tastubian	291.7 *
		Asselian	Zisongian			Nealian		Asselian	Asselian		Shikhanian	293.52
											Uskalykian	294.8
											Surenian	297.5
											Surenian	Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							Mapingian †				298.9
													300.1
												Stephanian	Stephanian C	300.3 *
													Stephanian B	300.9 *
													Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian											Stephanian A	303.7
													Cantabrian	305 *
														305.9
		Moscovian												307
												Westphalian	Westphalian D	307.4 *
													Westphalian C	309.8
													Westphalian B	314.6
		Bashkirian											Westphalian B	315.2
													Westphalian A	317 *
												Namurian	Yeadonian	318.8 *
													Marsdenian	320.2 *
													Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
													Alportian	322 *
													Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian											Chokierian	323.2
													Arnsbergian	324 *
													Pendleian	327.4 *
		Visean										Warnantian	Brigantian †	330.9
												Livian	Asbian †	336.3 *
												Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
		Tournaisian										Ivorian		346.7
		Tournaisian										Hastarian		353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian												358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian												372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian												382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian												387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian												393.3
		Pragian												407.6
		Lochkovian												410.8
Silurian	Pridoli													419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian												423
	Ludlow	Gorstian												425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian												427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian												430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian												433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					443.8
		Katian					445.2
		Sandbian					453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian		470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		485.4
		Jiangshanian		489.5
		Paibian		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Series 3 †			497
		Drumian					500.5
		Wuliuan					Stage 5 †							504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4												509
	Series 2	Stage 3												514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2												521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian												529
																538.8