PBDB Timescale

Permian of China

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view

There are 16 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 42 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of China	Permian of Western Europe	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Carboniferous of China	Ten Million Year Bins	Permian of the Russian Platform		Permian of North America		Permian of the Salt Range	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan							Cenozoic 6								0
		Northgrippian															0.0042
		Greenlandian															0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene															0.0117
		Chibanian															0.129
		Calabrian															0.774
		Gelasian															1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Tertiary †												2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean															3.6
	Miocene	Messinian															5.333
		Tortonian															7.246
		Serravallian							Cenozoic 5								11.63
		Langhian															13.82
		Burdigalian															15.98
		Aquitanian															20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							Cenozoic 4								23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian							Cenozoic 4								27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian							Cenozoic 3								33.9
		Bartonian							Cenozoic 3								37.71
		Lutetian							Cenozoic 2								41.2
		Ypresian							Cenozoic 2								47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian							Cenozoic 1								56
		Selandian															59.2
		Danian															61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							Cretaceous 8								66
		Campanian							Cretaceous 7								72.1
		Santonian							Cretaceous 6								83.6
		Coniacian															86.3
		Turonian															89.8
		Cenomanian							Cretaceous 5								93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian							Cretaceous 4								100.5
		Aptian							Cretaceous 3								113
		Barremian							Cretaceous 2								121.4
		Hauterivian							Cretaceous 2								125.77
		Valanginian							Cretaceous 1								132.6
		Berriasian							Cretaceous 1								139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian							Jurassic 6								145
		Kimmeridgian							Jurassic 5								149.2
		Oxfordian															154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
		Bathonian							Jurassic 4								165.3
		Bajocian							Jurassic 4								168.2
		Aalenian							Jurassic 3								170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian							Jurassic 3								174.7
		Pliensbachian							Jurassic 2								184.2
		Sinemurian							Jurassic 1								192.9
		Hettangian							Jurassic 1								199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian							Triassic 4								201.4
		Norian							Triassic 4								208.5
		Carnian							Triassic 3								227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian							Triassic 2								237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian							Triassic 2								242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian							Triassic 1							Vokhmian	247.2
		Induan															251.2
		Induan												Kathwai			251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Meishanian						Permian 4					Kathwai			251.902
																	252.4 *
														Chhidru			252.9 *
			Baoqingian														253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian	Laoshanian	Zechstein		Longtanian †										Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	254.14
														Kalabagh			255 *
														Wargal			256 *
										Tatarian	Vyatkian						256.8 *
			Laibinian								Vyatkian						257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan	Rotliegendes			Severodvinian	Capitanian			Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	259.51
		Wordian	Kuhfengian				Urzhumian	Wordian			Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	264.28
													265.3 *
												Amb	266.1 *
		Roadian					Permian 3	Kazanian	Povolzhian	Roadian	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	Amb	266.9
		Roadian					Permian 3	Kazanian	Sokian	Roadian	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian		270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian				Permian 2	Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian	Leonardian	Cathedralian			273.01
									Filipovian					276.5 *
									Saraninian					280.1 *
									Saraninian		Hessian			281.9 *
		Artinskian		Autunian				Artinskian	Sarginian					283.5
			Longlinian						Sarginian					285.4 *
									Irginian					285.9 *
									Irginian	Wolfcampian	Lenoxian			286.1 *
									Burtsevian					287.8 *
		Sakmarian						Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian					290.1
		Sakmarian						Sakmarian	Tastubian					291.7 *
		Asselian	Zisongian				Permian 1	Asselian	Shikhanian		Nealian			293.52
									Uskalykian					294.8
									Surenian					297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Carboniferous 5							Mapingian †	298.9
															Xiaodushanian	300 *
																300.1
		Kasimovian														303.7
					Dalaun										305.8 *
															305.9
		Moscovian					Carboniferous 4								307
		Bashkirian													315.2
					Huashibanian										318.5 *
					Lousuan										321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Dewunian		Carboniferous 3								323.2
		Serpukhovian			Shangsian		Carboniferous 3								330.8 *
		Visean			Shangsian		Carboniferous 2								330.9
		Visean			Jiusian		Carboniferous 2								335 *
		Tournaisian			Tangbagouan		Carboniferous 1								346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					Devonian 5								358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					Devonian 4								372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					Devonian 3								382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					Devonian 3								387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					Devonian 2								393.3
		Pragian					Devonian 1								407.6
		Lochkovian					Devonian 1								410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						Silurian 2								419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian													423
	Ludlow	Gorstian													425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian													427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian													430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					Silurian 1								433.4
		Aeronian													438.5
		Rhuddanian													440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Ordovician 5								443.8
		Katian					Ordovician 5								445.2
		Sandbian					Ordovician 4								453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					Ordovician 3								458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					Ordovician 2								467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian					Ordovician 2								470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					Ordovician 1								477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Cambrian 5								485.4
		Jiangshanian													489.5
		Paibian													494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Series 3 †								Cambrian 4	497
		Drumian													Cambrian 4	500.5
		Wuliuan				Stage 5 †									Cambrian 3	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4													Cambrian 3	509
	Series 2	Stage 3													Cambrian 2	514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2													Cambrian 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian													Cambrian 1	529
																	538.8