PBDB Timescale

Permian of China

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 16 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 42 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of China	Permian of Western Europe	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Permian of the Russian Platform		Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Permian of the Salt Range	Permian of North America		Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Tertiary †										2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean													3.6
	Miocene	Messinian													5.333
		Tortonian													7.246
		Serravallian													11.63
		Langhian													13.82
		Burdigalian													15.98
		Aquitanian													20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian													27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian													33.9
		Bartonian													37.71
		Lutetian													41.2
		Ypresian													47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian													56
		Selandian													59.2
		Danian													61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
		Campanian													72.1
		Santonian													83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian													93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
		Aptian													113
		Barremian													121.4
		Hauterivian													125.77
		Valanginian													132.6
		Berriasian													139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian													145
		Kimmeridgian													149.2
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Bathonian													165.3
		Bajocian													168.2
		Aalenian													170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
		Pliensbachian													184.2
		Sinemurian													192.9
		Hettangian													199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian													201.4
		Norian													208.5
		Carnian													227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian													237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian													242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian								Vokhmian					247.2
		Induan													251.2
		Induan									Kathwai				251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Meishanian								Kathwai				251.902
															252.4 *
											Chhidru				252.9 *
			Baoqingian												253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian	Laoshanian	Zechstein		Longtanian †				Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian					254.14
											Kalabagh				255 *
											Wargal				256 *
								Tatarian	Vyatkian						256.8 *
			Laibinian						Vyatkian						257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan	Rotliegendes					Severodvinian	Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian		Capitanian			259.51
		Wordian	Kuhfengian						Urzhumian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian		Wordian			264.28
															265.3 *
											Amb				266.1 *
		Roadian						Kazanian	Povolzhian	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	Amb	Roadian			266.9
		Roadian						Kazanian	Sokian	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian		Roadian			270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian					Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian			Leonardian	Cathedralian		273.01
							Filipovian		276.5 *
							Saraninian		280.1 *
							Saraninian		Hessian				281.9 *
		Artinskian		Autunian			Artinskian	Sarginian					283.5
			Longlinian					Sarginian					285.4 *
								Irginian					285.9 *
								Irginian	Wolfcampian			Lenoxian	286.1 *
								Burtsevian					287.8 *
		Sakmarian					Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian					290.1
		Sakmarian					Sakmarian	Tastubian					291.7 *
		Asselian	Zisongian				Asselian	Shikhanian				Nealian	293.52
								Uskalykian					294.8
								Surenian					297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian											Mapingian †	298.9
		Gzhelian												300.1
		Kasimovian												303.7
		Kasimovian												305.9
		Moscovian			307
		Bashkirian			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
		Visean			330.9
		Tournaisian			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			443.8
		Katian			445.2
		Sandbian			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian			470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			485.4
		Jiangshanian			489.5
		Paibian			494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Series 3 †									497
		Drumian												500.5
		Wuliuan				Stage 5 †								504.5
															509