PBDB Timescale

Permian of China

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view

There are 16 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 42 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of China	Permian of Western Europe	Carboniferous Subepochs	Permian of the Pamirs	Ten Million Year Bins	Carboniferous of North America	Carboniferous of Western Europe		Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan					Cenozoic 6						0
		Northgrippian											0.0042
		Greenlandian											0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
		Chibanian											0.129
		Calabrian											0.774
		Gelasian											1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean											3.6
	Miocene	Messinian											5.333
		Tortonian											7.246
		Serravallian					Cenozoic 5						11.63
		Langhian											13.82
		Burdigalian											15.98
		Aquitanian											20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Cenozoic 4						23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian					Cenozoic 4						27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian					Cenozoic 3						33.9
		Bartonian					Cenozoic 3						37.71
		Lutetian					Cenozoic 2						41.2
		Ypresian					Cenozoic 2						47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian					Cenozoic 1						56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian					Cretaceous 8						66
		Campanian					Cretaceous 7						72.1
		Santonian					Cretaceous 6						83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian					Cretaceous 5						93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian					Cretaceous 4						100.5
		Aptian					Cretaceous 3						113
		Barremian					Cretaceous 2						121.4
		Hauterivian					Cretaceous 2						125.77
		Valanginian					Cretaceous 1						132.6
		Berriasian					Cretaceous 1						139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					Jurassic 6						145
		Kimmeridgian					Jurassic 5						149.2
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Bathonian					Jurassic 4						165.3
		Bajocian					Jurassic 4						168.2
		Aalenian					Jurassic 3						170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian					Jurassic 3						174.7
		Pliensbachian					Jurassic 2						184.2
		Sinemurian					Jurassic 1						192.9
		Hettangian					Jurassic 1						199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					Triassic 4						201.4
		Norian					Triassic 4						208.5
		Carnian					Triassic 3						227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian					Triassic 2						237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian					Triassic 2						242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian					Triassic 1				Vokhmian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan					Triassic 1				Vokhmian		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Meishanian			Dorashamian	Permian 4					Melekhovian	251.902
		Changhsingian	Baoqingian			Dorashamian							253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian	Laoshanian	Zechstein		Dzhulfian					Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian		254.14
		Wuchiapingian	Laibinian	Zechstein		Dzhulfian					Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian		257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan	Rotliegendes		Midian					Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian		259.51
		Wordian	Kuhfengian								Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian		264.28
												Noginskian	264.9 *
						Murgabian							266.2 *
		Roadian				Murgabian	Permian 3				Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian			Kubergandian	Permian 2						273.01
					Pavlovoposadian	Kubergandian		276.8 *
						Bolorian		279.8
		Artinskian		Autunian				283.5
			Longlinian					285.4 *
						Yakhtashian		286
					Rusavkinian	Yakhtashian		287.6 *
		Sakmarian				Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian	Zisongian			Asselian	Permian 1	Bursumian †	293.52
		Asselian				Asselian	Permian 1	Bursumian †	Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Late Pennsylvanian		Carboniferous 5		Virgilian		298.9
												300.1
									Stephanian			Stephanian C	300.3 *
												Stephanian B	300.9 *
												Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian			Missourian					Dorogomilovian			303.7
										Khamovnikian			304.8
										Khamovnikian		Cantabrian	305 *
										Krevyakinian			305.8 *
					Desmoinesian					Krevyakinian			305.9 *
		Moscovian				Middle Pennsylvanian		Carboniferous 4		Myachkovian			307
									Westphalian	Myachkovian		Westphalian D	307.4 *
										Podolskian		Westphalian D	308.9 *
										Podolskian		Westphalian C	309.8
										Kashirian			311.4 *
					Atokan					Kashirian			312.7 *
										Vereian			313.8
										Vereian		Westphalian B	314.6
										Melekessian			314.8
		Bashkirian				Early Pennsylvanian				Melekessian			315.2
										Cheremshanian			316.9 *
												Westphalian A	317 *
					Morrowan								318.4 *
										Prikamian			318.6 *
									Namurian	Prikamian		Yeadonian	318.8 *
										Severokeltmian		Yeadonian	319.9 *
										Severokeltmian		Marsdenian	320.2 *
										Krasnopolyanian		Marsdenian	321.2 *
										Krasnopolyanian		Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
										Voznesenian		Kinderscoutian	321.9 *
												Alportian	322 *
												Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Late Mississippian	Carboniferous 3		Chesterian		Zapaltjubian		Chokierian	323.2
										Zapaltjubian		Arnsbergian	324 *
										Protvian			324.4 *
										Steshevian			326.8 *
										Steshevian		Pendleian	327.4 *
										Tarusian		Pendleian	329 *
		Visean			Middle Mississippian	Carboniferous 2			Warnantian	Brigantian †		Venevian	330.9
												Mikhailovian	331.9 *
												Aleksinian	333.7 *
								Meramecian				Tulian	335.8 *
									Livian	Asbian †		Tulian	336.3 *
									Livian	Asbian †		Bobrikian	339.9 *
									Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian			340.2 *
								Osagean					343.1 *
												Radaevkian	343.4 *
		Tournaisian			Early Mississippian	Carboniferous 1			Ivorian			Kosvian	346.7
												Kizelian	350.7 *
								Kinderhookian				Cherepetian	351.9 *
									Hastarian			Cherepetian	353.7 *
												Karakubian	354.4 *
												Upinian	356.3 *
												Malevkian	357.6 *
											Gumerovian	358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Devonian 5						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				Devonian 4						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				Devonian 3						382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Devonian 3						387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				Devonian 2						393.3
		Pragian				Devonian 1						407.6
		Lochkovian				Devonian 1						410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					Silurian 2						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian										423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1	433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5	443.8
		Katian	Ordovician 5	445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5	485.4
		Jiangshanian		489.5
		Paibian		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4	497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4	500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Cambrian 3	509
	Series 2	Stage 3	Cambrian 2	514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Cambrian 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1	529
													538.8