PBDB Timescale

Permian of China

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view

There are 16 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 42 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of China	Permian of Western Europe	Carboniferous of North America	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Permian of the Salt Range	Carboniferous Subepochs	Carboniferous of Western Europe		Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									Tertiary †			2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean												3.6
	Miocene	Messinian												5.333
		Tortonian												7.246
		Serravallian												11.63
		Langhian												13.82
		Burdigalian												15.98
		Aquitanian												20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian												27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian												33.9
		Bartonian												37.71
		Lutetian												41.2
		Ypresian												47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian												56
		Selandian												59.2
		Danian												61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
		Campanian												72.1
		Santonian												83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
		Aptian												113
		Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian												125.77
		Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian												139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
		Kimmeridgian												149.2
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Bathonian												165.3
		Bajocian												168.2
		Aalenian												170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
		Pliensbachian												184.2
		Sinemurian												192.9
		Hettangian												199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
		Norian												208.5
		Carnian												227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian												237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian												242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				Vokhmian								247.2
		Induan												251.2
		Induan					Kathwai							251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Meishanian				Kathwai							251.902
														252.4 *
							Chhidru							252.9 *
			Baoqingian											253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian	Laoshanian	Zechstein		Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian						Longtanian †		254.14
							Kalabagh							255 *
							Wargal							256 *
			Laibinian											257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan	Rotliegendes		Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian								259.51
		Wordian	Kuhfengian			Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian								264.28
														265.3 *
							Amb							266.1 *
		Roadian				Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	Amb							266.9
		Roadian				Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian								270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian											273.01
		Artinskian	Luodianian	Autunian										283.5
		Artinskian	Longlinian		285.4 *
		Sakmarian	Longlinian		290.1
		Asselian	Zisongian		Bursumian †			293.52
		Asselian			Bursumian †			Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Virgilian				Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
										300.1
								Stephanian		Stephanian C			300.3 *
										Stephanian B			300.9 *
										Stephanian A			301.4 *
		Kasimovian			Missourian					Stephanian A			303.7
					Missourian					Cantabrian			305 *
					Desmoinesian								305.9 *
		Moscovian							Middle Pennsylvanian				307
								Westphalian		Westphalian D			307.4 *
										Westphalian C			309.8
					Atokan					Westphalian C			312.7 *
										Westphalian B			314.6
		Bashkirian							Early Pennsylvanian	Westphalian B	315.2
										Westphalian A	317 *
					Morrowan					Westphalian A	318.4 *
								Namurian		Yeadonian	318.8 *
										Marsdenian	320.2 *
										Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
										Alportian	322 *
										Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Chesterian				Late Mississippian	Chokierian	323.2
										Arnsbergian	324 *
										Pendleian	327.4 *
		Visean						Middle Mississippian	Warnantian	Brigantian †	330.9
					Meramecian				Warnantian	Brigantian †	335.8 *
									Livian	Asbian †	336.3 *
									Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
					Osagean				Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	343.1 *
		Tournaisian			Osagean			Early Mississippian	Ivorian		346.7
					Kinderhookian				Ivorian		351.9 *
					Kinderhookian				Hastarian		353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian									358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian									372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian									382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian									387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian									393.3
		Pragian									407.6
		Lochkovian									410.8
Silurian	Pridoli										419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian									423
	Ludlow	Gorstian									425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian									427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian									430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian									433.4
		Aeronian									438.5
		Rhuddanian									440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian									443.8
		Katian									445.2
		Sandbian									453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian									458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian									467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian									470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian									477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10									485.4
		Jiangshanian									489.5
		Paibian									494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Series 3 †				497
		Drumian				500.5
		Wuliuan				Stage 5 †					504.5
														509