PBDB Timescale

Permian of China

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view

There are 16 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 42 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of China	Permian of Western Europe	Permian of the Pamirs	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Permian of the Russian Platform		Carboniferous of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									Tertiary †			2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean												3.6
	Miocene	Messinian												5.333
		Tortonian												7.246
		Serravallian												11.63
		Langhian												13.82
		Burdigalian												15.98
		Aquitanian												20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian												27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian												33.9
		Bartonian												37.71
		Lutetian												41.2
		Ypresian												47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian												56
		Selandian												59.2
		Danian												61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
		Campanian												72.1
		Santonian												83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
		Aptian												113
		Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian												125.77
		Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian												139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Oteke	Puaroan							145
		Kimmeridgian				Oteke	Puaroan							149.2
						Kawhia	Ohauan							150
							Heterian							154.5
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Callovian					Temaikan							164.3
		Bathonian												165.3
		Bajocian												168.2
		Aalenian												170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
		Toarcian				Herangi	Ururoan							176
		Pliensbachian					Ururoan							184.2
		Pliensbachian					Aratauran							188.9
		Sinemurian												192.9
		Hettangian												199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				Balfour	Otapirian							201.4
		Norian					Warepan							208.5
							Otamitan							217
							Oretian							221
		Carnian					Oretian							227
		Carnian				Gore	Kaihikuan							227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian					Kaihikuan							237
		Ladinian					Etalian							238
		Anisian					Etalian							242
		Anisian					Malakovian							246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian					Malakovian							247.2
		Olenekian					Nelsonian							249
		Induan					Nelsonian							251.2
		Induan				DUrville	Makarewan							251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Meishanian		Dorashamian		Makarewan							251.902
			Meishanian				Waiitian							253.2
			Baoqingian											253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian	Laoshanian	Zechstein	Dzhulfian							Longtanian †		254.14
							Puruhauan							254.2
								Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
			Laibinian						Vyatkian	257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan	Rotliegendes	Midian	Aparima	Flettian		Severodvinian			259.51
		Wordian	Kuhfengian				Flettian		Urzhumian			264.28
							Barettian					266
					Murgabian							266.2 *
		Roadian						Kazanian	Povolzhian			266.9
		Roadian						Kazanian	Sokian			270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian		Kubergandian			Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian			273.01
							Mangapirian		Irenian/Ufimian			276
									Filipovian			276.5 *
					Bolorian				Filipovian			279.8
									Saraninian			280.1 *
		Artinskian		Autunian				Artinskian	Sarginian			283.5
							Telfordian					285
			Longlinian									285.4 *
									Irginian			285.9 *
					Yakhtashian				Irginian		286
									Burtsevian		287.8 *
									Burtsevian		288.5
		Sakmarian			Sakmarian			Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian		290.1
		Sakmarian			Sakmarian			Sakmarian	Tastubian		291.7 *
		Asselian	Zisongian		Asselian			Asselian	Shikhanian		293.52
									Uskalykian		294.8
									Surenian		297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian									298.9
											Xiaodushanian	300 *
												300.1
		Kasimovian										303.7
		Kasimovian									Dalaun	305.8 *
		Moscovian										307
		Bashkirian										315.2
											Huashibanian	318.5 *
											Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian									Dewunian	323.2
		Serpukhovian									Shangsian	330.8 *
		Visean									Shangsian	330.9
		Visean									Jiusian	335 *
		Tournaisian									Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian										358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian										372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian										382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian										387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian										393.3
		Pragian										407.6
		Lochkovian										410.8
Silurian	Pridoli											419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian										423
	Ludlow	Gorstian										425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian										427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian										430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian										433.4
		Aeronian										438.5
		Rhuddanian										440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian										443.8
		Katian										445.2
		Sandbian										453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian										458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian										467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian										470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian										477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10										485.4
		Jiangshanian										489.5
		Paibian										494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian										Series 3 †	497
		Drumian											500.5
		Wuliuan								Stage 5 †			504.5
														509