PBDB Timescale

Permian of China

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view

There are 16 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 42 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of China	Permian Subages of Germany	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Carboniferous of Western Europe		Permian of Western Europe	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			Oteke	Puaroan						145
		Kimmeridgian			Oteke	Puaroan						149.2
					Kawhia	Ohauan						150
						Heterian						154.5
		Oxfordian										154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
		Callovian				Temaikan						164.3
		Bathonian										165.3
		Bajocian										168.2
		Aalenian										170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
		Toarcian			Herangi	Ururoan						176
		Pliensbachian				Ururoan						184.2
		Pliensbachian				Aratauran						188.9
		Sinemurian										192.9
		Hettangian										199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			Balfour	Otapirian						201.4
		Norian				Warepan						208.5
						Otamitan						217
						Oretian						221
		Carnian				Oretian						227
		Carnian			Gore	Kaihikuan						227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				Kaihikuan						237
		Ladinian				Etalian						238
		Anisian				Etalian						242
		Anisian				Malakovian						246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				Malakovian					Vokhmian	247.2
		Olenekian				Nelsonian						249
		Induan				Nelsonian						251.2
		Induan			DUrville	Makarewan						251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Meishanian	Buntsandstein		Makarewan	Melekhovian					251.902
			Meishanian			Waiitian						253.2
			Baoqingian									253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian	Laoshanian							Zechstein	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	254.14
			Laoshanian			Puruhauan						254.2
			Laibinian			Puruhauan						257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan	Ohre/Aller	Aparima	Flettian				Rotliegendes	Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	259.51
		Wordian	Kuhfengian	Leine							Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	264.28
							Noginskian					264.9 *
						Barettian						266
		Roadian									Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian									273.01
						Mangapirian						276
							Pavlovoposadian					276.8 *
		Artinskian								Autunian		283.5
						Telfordian						285
			Longlinian									285.4 *
							Rusavkinian					287.6 *
												288.5
		Sakmarian										290.1
		Asselian	Zisongian									293.52
		Asselian						Kuzel				297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian										298.9
												300.1
								Stephanian	Stephanian C			300.3 *
									Stephanian B			300.9 *
									Stephanian A			301.4 *
		Kasimovian					Dorogomilovian					303.7
							Khamovnikian					304.8
							Khamovnikian		Cantabrian			305 *
							Krevyakinian					305.8 *
		Moscovian					Myachkovian					307
							Myachkovian	Westphalian	Westphalian D			307.4 *
							Podolskian		Westphalian D			308.9 *
							Podolskian		Westphalian C			309.8
							Kashirian					311.4 *
							Vereian					313.8
							Vereian		Westphalian B			314.6
							Melekessian					314.8
		Bashkirian					Melekessian					315.2
							Cheremshanian					316.9 *
							Cheremshanian		Westphalian A			317 *
							Prikamian		Westphalian A			318.6 *
							Prikamian	Namurian	Yeadonian			318.8 *
							Severokeltmian		Yeadonian			319.9 *
							Severokeltmian		Marsdenian			320.2 *
							Krasnopolyanian		Marsdenian			321.2 *
							Krasnopolyanian		Kinderscoutian			321.5 *
							Voznesenian		Kinderscoutian			321.9 *
									Alportian			322 *
									Chokierian			323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Zapaltjubian		Chokierian			323.2
							Zapaltjubian		Arnsbergian			324 *
							Protvian					324.4 *
							Steshevian					326.8 *
							Steshevian		Pendleian			327.4 *
							Tarusian		Pendleian			329 *
		Visean					Venevian	Warnantian	Brigantian †			330.9
							Mikhailovian					331.9 *
							Aleksinian					333.7 *
							Tulian					335.8 *
							Tulian	Livian	Asbian †			336.3 *
							Bobrikian	Livian	Asbian †			339.9 *
							Bobrikian	Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian			340.2 *
							Radaevkian	Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian			343.4 *
		Tournaisian					Kosvian	Ivorian				346.7
							Kizelian					350.7 *
							Cherepetian					351.9 *
							Cherepetian	Hastarian				353.7 *
							Karakubian					354.4 *
							Upinian					356.3 *
							Malevkian					357.6 *
							Gumerovian					358 *
												358.9