PBDB Timescale

Permian of China

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view

There are 16 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 42 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of China	Permian Subages of Germany	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Carboniferous Subepochs	Permian of the Salt Range	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Tertiary †			2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean											3.6
	Miocene	Messinian											5.333
		Tortonian											7.246
		Serravallian											11.63
		Langhian											13.82
		Burdigalian											15.98
		Aquitanian											20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian											27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
		Bartonian											37.71
		Lutetian											41.2
		Ypresian											47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian											56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
		Campanian											72.1
		Santonian											83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
		Aptian											113
		Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian											125.77
		Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian											139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Oteke	Puaroan						145
		Kimmeridgian				Oteke	Puaroan						149.2
						Kawhia	Ohauan						150
							Heterian						154.5
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Callovian					Temaikan						164.3
		Bathonian											165.3
		Bajocian											168.2
		Aalenian											170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
		Toarcian				Herangi	Ururoan						176
		Pliensbachian					Ururoan						184.2
		Pliensbachian					Aratauran						188.9
		Sinemurian											192.9
		Hettangian											199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				Balfour	Otapirian						201.4
		Norian					Warepan						208.5
							Otamitan						217
							Oretian						221
		Carnian					Oretian						227
		Carnian				Gore	Kaihikuan						227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian					Kaihikuan						237
		Ladinian					Etalian						238
		Anisian					Etalian						242
		Anisian					Malakovian						246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian					Malakovian						247.2
		Olenekian					Nelsonian						249
		Induan					Nelsonian						251.2
		Induan				DUrville	Makarewan		Kathwai				251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Meishanian	Buntsandstein	Melekhovian				Kathwai				251.902
													252.4 *
									Chhidru				252.9 *
							Waiitian						253.2
			Baoqingian										253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian	Laoshanian					Longtanian †			Zechstein	254.14
							Puruhauan					254.2
									Kalabagh			255 *
									Wargal			256 *
			Laibinian									257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan	Ohre/Aller		Aparima	Flettian				Rotliegendes	259.51
		Wordian	Kuhfengian	Leine								264.28
					Noginskian							264.9 *
												265.3 *
							Barettian					266
									Amb			266.1 *
		Roadian							Amb			266.9
		Roadian										270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian									273.01
							Mangapirian					276
					Pavlovoposadian							276.8 *
		Artinskian									Autunian	283.5
							Telfordian			285
			Longlinian							285.4 *
					Rusavkinian					287.6 *
										288.5
		Sakmarian								290.1
		Asselian	Zisongian							293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Zisongian							Late Pennsylvanian		298.9
		Gzhelian										300.1
		Kasimovian			Dorogomilovian							303.7
					Khamovnikian							304.8
					Krevyakinian							305.8 *
		Moscovian			Myachkovian					Middle Pennsylvanian		307
					Podolskian							308.9 *
					Kashirian							311.4 *
					Vereian							313.8
					Melekessian							314.8
		Bashkirian			Melekessian					Early Pennsylvanian		315.2
					Cheremshanian							316.9 *
					Prikamian							318.6 *
					Severokeltmian							319.9 *
					Krasnopolyanian							321.2 *
					Voznesenian							321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Zapaltjubian					Late Mississippian		323.2
					Protvian							324.4 *
					Steshevian							326.8 *
					Tarusian							329 *
		Visean			Venevian					Middle Mississippian		330.9
					Mikhailovian							331.9 *
					Aleksinian							333.7 *
					Tulian							335.8 *
					Bobrikian							339.9 *
					Radaevkian							343.4 *
		Tournaisian			Kosvian					Early Mississippian		346.7
					Kizelian							350.7 *
					Cherepetian							351.9 *
					Karakubian							354.4 *
					Upinian							356.3 *
					Malevkian							357.6 *
					Gumerovian							358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian										358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian										372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian										382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian										387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian										393.3
		Pragian										407.6
		Lochkovian										410.8
Silurian	Pridoli											419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian										423
	Ludlow	Gorstian										425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian										427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian										430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian										433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						443.8
		Katian						445.2
		Sandbian						453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian		470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		485.4
		Jiangshanian		489.5
		Paibian		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Series 3 †				497
		Drumian						500.5
		Wuliuan						Stage 5 †	504.5
													509