PBDB Timescale

Permian of China

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 16 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 42 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of China	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Permian of the Russian Platform		Permian of the Salt Range	Permian of North America		Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Tertiary †									2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean												3.6
	Miocene	Messinian												5.333
		Tortonian												7.246
		Serravallian												11.63
		Langhian												13.82
		Burdigalian												15.98
		Aquitanian												20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian												27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian												33.9
		Bartonian												37.71
		Lutetian												41.2
		Ypresian												47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian												56
		Selandian												59.2
		Danian												61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
		Campanian												72.1
		Santonian												83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
		Aptian												113
		Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian												125.77
		Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian												139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
		Kimmeridgian												149.2
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Bathonian												165.3
		Bajocian												168.2
		Aalenian												170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
		Pliensbachian												184.2
		Sinemurian												192.9
		Hettangian												199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
		Norian												208.5
		Carnian												227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian												237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian												242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Vokhmian										247.2
		Induan												251.2
		Induan								Kathwai				251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Meishanian							Kathwai				251.902
														252.4 *
										Chhidru				252.9 *
			Baoqingian											253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian	Laoshanian	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian		Longtanian †								254.14
										Kalabagh				255 *
										Wargal				256 *
								Tatarian	Vyatkian					256.8 *
			Laibinian						Vyatkian					257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan	Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian					Severodvinian		Capitanian			259.51
		Wordian	Kuhfengian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian					Urzhumian		Wordian			264.28
														265.3 *
										Amb				266.1 *
		Roadian		Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian				Kazanian	Povolzhian	Amb	Roadian			266.9
		Roadian		Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian				Kazanian	Sokian		Roadian			270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian					Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian		Leonardian	Cathedralian		273.01
							Filipovian		276.5 *
							Saraninian		280.1 *
							Saraninian		Hessian			281.9 *
		Artinskian					Artinskian	Sarginian				283.5
			Longlinian					Sarginian				285.4 *
								Irginian				285.9 *
								Irginian	Wolfcampian		Lenoxian	286.1 *
								Burtsevian				287.8 *
		Sakmarian					Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian				290.1
		Sakmarian					Sakmarian	Tastubian				291.7 *
		Asselian	Zisongian				Asselian	Shikhanian			Nealian	293.52
								Uskalykian				294.8
								Surenian				297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian										Mapingian †	298.9
		Gzhelian											300.1
		Kasimovian											303.7
		Kasimovian											305.9
		Moscovian			307
		Bashkirian			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
		Visean			330.9
		Tournaisian			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			443.8
		Katian			445.2
		Sandbian			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian			470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			485.4
		Jiangshanian			489.5
		Paibian			494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Series 3 †								497
		Drumian											500.5
		Wuliuan				Stage 5 †							504.5
														509