PBDB Timescale

Permian of China

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view

There are 16 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 42 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of China	Permian of the Pamirs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Permian of the Russian Platform		Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Carboniferous of North America	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Tertiary †										2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean													3.6
	Miocene	Messinian													5.333
		Tortonian													7.246
		Serravallian													11.63
		Langhian													13.82
		Burdigalian													15.98
		Aquitanian													20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian													27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian													33.9
		Bartonian													37.71
		Lutetian													41.2
		Ypresian													47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian													56
		Selandian													59.2
		Danian													61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
		Campanian													72.1
		Santonian													83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian													93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
		Aptian													113
		Barremian													121.4
		Hauterivian													125.77
		Valanginian													132.6
		Berriasian													139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian								Oteke	Puaroan				145
		Kimmeridgian								Oteke	Puaroan				149.2
										Kawhia	Ohauan				150
											Heterian				154.5
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Callovian									Temaikan				164.3
		Bathonian													165.3
		Bajocian													168.2
		Aalenian													170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
		Toarcian								Herangi	Ururoan				176
		Pliensbachian									Ururoan				184.2
		Pliensbachian									Aratauran				188.9
		Sinemurian													192.9
		Hettangian													199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian								Balfour	Otapirian				201.4
		Norian									Warepan				208.5
											Otamitan				217
											Oretian				221
		Carnian									Oretian				227
		Carnian								Gore	Kaihikuan				227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian									Kaihikuan				237
		Ladinian									Etalian				238
		Anisian									Etalian				242
		Anisian									Malakovian				246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian									Malakovian			Vokhmian	247.2
		Olenekian									Nelsonian				249
		Induan									Nelsonian				251.2
		Induan								DUrville	Makarewan				251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Meishanian	Dorashamian							Makarewan				251.902
			Meishanian								Waiitian				253.2
			Baoqingian												253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian	Laoshanian	Dzhulfian		Longtanian †								Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	254.14
											Puruhauan				254.2
							Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
			Laibinian					Vyatkian	257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan	Midian				Severodvinian	Aparima	Flettian	Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	259.51
		Wordian	Kuhfengian					Urzhumian		Flettian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	264.28
										Barettian		266
				Murgabian								266.2 *
		Roadian					Kazanian	Povolzhian			Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	266.9
		Roadian					Kazanian	Sokian			Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian	Kubergandian			Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian				273.01
								Irenian/Ufimian		Mangapirian		276
								Filipovian				276.5 *
				Bolorian				Filipovian				279.8
								Saraninian				280.1 *
		Artinskian					Artinskian	Sarginian				283.5
										Telfordian		285
			Longlinian									285.4 *
								Irginian				285.9 *
				Yakhtashian	286			Irginian
					Burtsevian			287.8 *
					Burtsevian					288.5
		Sakmarian		Sakmarian	Sakmarian		Sterlitamakian			290.1
		Sakmarian		Sakmarian	Sakmarian		Tastubian			291.7 *
		Asselian	Zisongian	Asselian	Asselian		Shikhanian			Bursumian †		293.52
							Uskalykian					294.8
							Surenian					297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								Virgilian		Mapingian †	298.9
		Gzhelian								Virgilian			300.1
		Kasimovian								Missourian			303.7
		Kasimovian								Desmoinesian			305.9 *
		Moscovian								Desmoinesian			307
		Moscovian								Atokan			312.7 *
		Bashkirian								Atokan			315.2
		Bashkirian								Morrowan			318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian								Chesterian			323.2
		Visean								Chesterian			330.9
										Meramecian			335.8 *
										Osagean			343.1 *
		Tournaisian								Osagean			346.7
		Tournaisian								Kinderhookian			351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian											358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian											372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian											382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian											387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian											393.3
		Pragian											407.6
		Lochkovian											410.8
Silurian	Pridoli												419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian											423
	Ludlow	Gorstian											425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian											427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian											430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian											433.4
		Aeronian											438.5
		Rhuddanian											440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian											443.8
		Katian											445.2
		Sandbian											453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian											458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian											467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian											470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian											477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10											485.4
		Jiangshanian											489.5
		Paibian											494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian											Series 3 †	497
		Drumian												500.5
		Wuliuan				Stage 5 †								504.5
															509