PBDB Timescale

Permian of China

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view

There are 16 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 42 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of China	Permian of the Pamirs	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Permian of North America		Permian of the Salt Range	Carboniferous of North America	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Ten Million Year Bins	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan										Cenozoic 6				0
		Northgrippian														0.0042
		Greenlandian														0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene														0.0117
		Chibanian														0.129
		Calabrian														0.774
		Gelasian														1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											Tertiary †			2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean														3.6
	Miocene	Messinian														5.333
		Tortonian														7.246
		Serravallian										Cenozoic 5				11.63
		Langhian														13.82
		Burdigalian														15.98
		Aquitanian														20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										Cenozoic 4				23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian										Cenozoic 4				27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian										Cenozoic 3				33.9
		Bartonian										Cenozoic 3				37.71
		Lutetian										Cenozoic 2				41.2
		Ypresian										Cenozoic 2				47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian										Cenozoic 1				56
		Selandian														59.2
		Danian														61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										Cretaceous 8				66
		Campanian										Cretaceous 7				72.1
		Santonian										Cretaceous 6				83.6
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
		Cenomanian										Cretaceous 5				93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian										Cretaceous 4				100.5
		Aptian										Cretaceous 3				113
		Barremian										Cretaceous 2				121.4
		Hauterivian										Cretaceous 2				125.77
		Valanginian										Cretaceous 1				132.6
		Berriasian										Cretaceous 1				139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			Oteke	Puaroan						Jurassic 6				145
		Kimmeridgian			Oteke	Puaroan						Jurassic 5				149.2
					Kawhia	Ohauan										150
						Heterian										154.5
		Oxfordian														154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
		Callovian				Temaikan										164.3
		Bathonian										Jurassic 4				165.3
		Bajocian										Jurassic 4				168.2
		Aalenian										Jurassic 3				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
		Toarcian			Herangi	Ururoan										176
		Pliensbachian				Ururoan						Jurassic 2				184.2
		Pliensbachian				Aratauran						Jurassic 2				188.9
		Sinemurian										Jurassic 1				192.9
		Hettangian										Jurassic 1				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			Balfour	Otapirian						Triassic 4				201.4
		Norian				Warepan										208.5
						Otamitan										217
						Oretian										221
		Carnian				Oretian						Triassic 3				227
		Carnian			Gore	Kaihikuan						Triassic 3				227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				Kaihikuan						Triassic 2				237
		Ladinian				Etalian										238
		Anisian				Etalian										242
		Anisian				Malakovian										246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				Malakovian					Vokhmian	Triassic 1				247.2
		Olenekian				Nelsonian										249
		Induan	251.2			Nelsonian
		Induan	DUrville	Makarewan	Kathwai	251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Kathwai	Meishanian	Dorashamian		Permian 4	251.902
										252.4 *
					Chhidru					252.9 *
				Waiitian						253.2
						Baoqingian				253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian				Laoshanian	Dzhulfian	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian		Longtanian †	254.14
				Puruhauan							254.2
					Kalabagh						255 *
					Wargal						256 *
						Laibinian					257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan	Midian		Aparima	Flettian	Capitanian		Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian		259.51
		Wordian	Kuhfengian					Wordian		Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian		264.28
												265.3 *
							Barettian					266
					Amb							266.1 *
				Murgabian								266.2 *
		Roadian						Roadian	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	Permian 3		266.9
		Roadian						Roadian	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	Permian 3		270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian	Kubergandian				Leonardian	Cathedralian			Permian 2		273.01
				Kubergandian			Mangapirian							276
				Bolorian										279.8
									Hessian					281.9 *
		Artinskian											283.5
							Telfordian						285
			Longlinian										285.4 *
				Yakhtashian									286
								Wolfcampian	Lenoxian				286.1 *
													288.5
		Sakmarian		Sakmarian									290.1
		Asselian	Zisongian	Asselian					Nealian			Bursumian †	Permian 1	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Zisongian									Virgilian	Carboniferous 5	298.9
		Gzhelian										Virgilian		300.1
		Kasimovian										Missourian		303.7
		Kasimovian										Desmoinesian		305.9 *
		Moscovian										Desmoinesian	Carboniferous 4	307
		Moscovian										Atokan		312.7 *
		Bashkirian										Atokan		315.2
		Bashkirian										Morrowan		318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian										Chesterian	Carboniferous 3	323.2
		Visean										Chesterian	Carboniferous 2	330.9
												Meramecian		335.8 *
												Osagean		343.1 *
		Tournaisian										Osagean	Carboniferous 1	346.7
		Tournaisian										Kinderhookian	Carboniferous 1	351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian											Devonian 5	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian											Devonian 4	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian											Devonian 3	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian											Devonian 3	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian											Devonian 2	393.3
		Pragian											Devonian 1	407.6
		Lochkovian											Devonian 1	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli												Silurian 2	419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian												423
	Ludlow	Gorstian												425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian												427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian												430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian											Silurian 1	433.4
		Aeronian												438.5
		Rhuddanian												440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian											Ordovician 5	443.8
		Katian											Ordovician 5	445.2
		Sandbian											Ordovician 4	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian											Ordovician 3	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian											Ordovician 2	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian											Ordovician 2	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian											Ordovician 1	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10											Cambrian 5	485.4
		Jiangshanian												489.5
		Paibian												494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian											Cambrian 4	Series 3 †	497
		Drumian											Cambrian 4		500.5
		Wuliuan									Cambrian 3		Stage 5 †		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4									Cambrian 3				509
	Series 2	Stage 3									Cambrian 2				514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2									Cambrian 2				521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian									Cambrian 1				529
																538.8