PBDB Timescale

Permian of China

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view

There are 16 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 42 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of China	Permian of the Pamirs	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Permian of the Russian Platform		Carboniferous Subepochs	Ten Million Year Bins	Permian of North America		Permian of the Salt Range	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan								Cenozoic 6						0
		Northgrippian														0.0042
		Greenlandian														0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene														0.0117
		Chibanian														0.129
		Calabrian														0.774
		Gelasian														1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian														2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean														3.6
	Miocene	Messinian														5.333
		Tortonian														7.246
		Serravallian								Cenozoic 5						11.63
		Langhian														13.82
		Burdigalian														15.98
		Aquitanian														20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								Cenozoic 4						23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian								Cenozoic 4						27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian								Cenozoic 3						33.9
		Bartonian								Cenozoic 3						37.71
		Lutetian								Cenozoic 2						41.2
		Ypresian								Cenozoic 2						47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian								Cenozoic 1						56
		Selandian														59.2
		Danian														61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian								Cretaceous 8						66
		Campanian								Cretaceous 7						72.1
		Santonian								Cretaceous 6						83.6
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
		Cenomanian								Cretaceous 5						93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian								Cretaceous 4						100.5
		Aptian								Cretaceous 3						113
		Barremian								Cretaceous 2						121.4
		Hauterivian								Cretaceous 2						125.77
		Valanginian								Cretaceous 1						132.6
		Berriasian								Cretaceous 1						139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			Oteke	Puaroan				Jurassic 6						145
		Kimmeridgian			Oteke	Puaroan				Jurassic 5						149.2
					Kawhia	Ohauan										150
						Heterian										154.5
		Oxfordian														154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
		Callovian				Temaikan										164.3
		Bathonian								Jurassic 4						165.3
		Bajocian								Jurassic 4						168.2
		Aalenian								Jurassic 3						170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
		Toarcian			Herangi	Ururoan										176
		Pliensbachian				Ururoan				Jurassic 2						184.2
		Pliensbachian				Aratauran				Jurassic 2						188.9
		Sinemurian								Jurassic 1						192.9
		Hettangian								Jurassic 1						199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			Balfour	Otapirian				Triassic 4						201.4
		Norian				Warepan										208.5
						Otamitan										217
						Oretian										221
		Carnian				Oretian				Triassic 3						227
		Carnian			Gore	Kaihikuan				Triassic 3						227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				Kaihikuan				Triassic 2						237
		Ladinian				Etalian										238
		Anisian				Etalian										242
		Anisian				Malakovian										246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				Malakovian				Triassic 1					Vokhmian	247.2
		Olenekian				Nelsonian										249
		Induan	251.2			Nelsonian
		Induan	DUrville	Makarewan	Kathwai	251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Kathwai	Meishanian	Dorashamian	Permian 4		251.902
										252.4 *
					Chhidru					252.9 *
				Waiitian						253.2
						Baoqingian				253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian				Laoshanian	Dzhulfian		Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	254.14
				Puruhauan						254.2
					Kalabagh					255 *
					Wargal					256 *
										Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
						Laibinian					Vyatkian	257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan	Midian		Aparima	Flettian		Severodvinian		Capitanian	Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	259.51
		Wordian	Kuhfengian						Urzhumian		Wordian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	264.28
													265.3 *
							Barettian						266
					Amb								266.1 *
				Murgabian									266.2 *
		Roadian						Kazanian	Povolzhian	Permian 3	Roadian	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	266.9
		Roadian			Sokian			Kazanian		Permian 3	Roadian	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian	Kubergandian	Kungurian			Irenian/Ufimian		Permian 2	Leonardian	Cathedralian		273.01
							Mangapirian	Irenian/Ufimian						276
								Filipovian						276.5 *
				Bolorian				Filipovian						279.8
								Saraninian						280.1 *
								Saraninian				Hessian		281.9 *
		Artinskian			Artinskian			Sarginian						283.5
							Telfordian							285
			Longlinian											285.4 *
								Irginian						285.9 *
				Yakhtashian										286
											Wolfcampian	Lenoxian		286.1 *
								Burtsevian						287.8 *
								Burtsevian						288.5
		Sakmarian		Sakmarian	Sakmarian			Sterlitamakian						290.1
		Sakmarian		Sakmarian	Sakmarian			Tastubian						291.7 *
		Asselian	Zisongian	Asselian	Asselian			Shikhanian		Permian 1		Nealian		293.52
								Uskalykian						294.8
								Surenian						297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								Late Pennsylvanian	Carboniferous 5				Mapingian †	298.9
		Gzhelian														300.1
		Kasimovian														303.7
		Kasimovian														305.9
		Moscovian								Middle Pennsylvanian	Carboniferous 4					307
		Bashkirian								Early Pennsylvanian	Carboniferous 4					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian								Late Mississippian	Carboniferous 3					323.2
		Visean								Middle Mississippian	Carboniferous 2					330.9
		Tournaisian								Early Mississippian	Carboniferous 1					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian									Devonian 5					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian									Devonian 4					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian									Devonian 3					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian									Devonian 3					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian									Devonian 2					393.3
		Pragian									Devonian 1					407.6
		Lochkovian									Devonian 1					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli										Silurian 2					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian														423
	Ludlow	Gorstian														425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian														427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian														430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian									Silurian 1					433.4
		Aeronian														438.5
		Rhuddanian														440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian									Ordovician 5					443.8
		Katian									Ordovician 5					445.2
		Sandbian									Ordovician 4					453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian									Ordovician 3					458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian									Ordovician 2					467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian									Ordovician 2					470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian									Ordovician 1					477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10									Cambrian 5					485.4
		Jiangshanian														489.5
		Paibian														494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian									Cambrian 4					497
		Drumian									Cambrian 4					500.5
		Wuliuan									Cambrian 3					504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4									Cambrian 3					509
	Series 2	Stage 3									Cambrian 2					514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2									Cambrian 2					521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian									Cambrian 1					529
																538.8