PBDB Timescale

Permian of China

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view

There are 16 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 42 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of China	Permian of the Pamirs	Carboniferous of Western Europe		Permian of North America		Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Permian of the Salt Range	Carboniferous Subepochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean													3.6
	Miocene	Messinian													5.333
		Tortonian													7.246
		Serravallian													11.63
		Langhian													13.82
		Burdigalian													15.98
		Aquitanian													20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian													27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian													33.9
		Bartonian													37.71
		Lutetian													41.2
		Ypresian													47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian													56
		Selandian													59.2
		Danian													61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
		Campanian													72.1
		Santonian													83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian													93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
		Aptian													113
		Barremian													121.4
		Hauterivian													125.77
		Valanginian													132.6
		Berriasian													139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian							Oteke	Puaroan					145
		Kimmeridgian							Oteke	Puaroan					149.2
									Kawhia	Ohauan					150
										Heterian					154.5
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Callovian								Temaikan					164.3
		Bathonian													165.3
		Bajocian													168.2
		Aalenian													170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
		Toarcian							Herangi	Ururoan					176
		Pliensbachian								Ururoan					184.2
		Pliensbachian								Aratauran					188.9
		Sinemurian													192.9
		Hettangian													199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian							Balfour	Otapirian					201.4
		Norian								Warepan					208.5
										Otamitan					217
										Oretian					221
		Carnian								Oretian					227
		Carnian							Gore	Kaihikuan					227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian								Kaihikuan					237
		Ladinian								Etalian					238
		Anisian								Etalian					242
		Anisian								Malakovian					246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian								Malakovian					247.2
		Olenekian								Nelsonian					249
		Induan								Nelsonian					251.2
		Induan							DUrville	Makarewan	Kathwai				251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Meishanian	Dorashamian							Kathwai				251.902
															252.4 *
											Chhidru				252.9 *
										Waiitian					253.2
			Baoqingian												253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian	Laoshanian	Dzhulfian	Longtanian †	254.14
						Puruhauan	254.2
							Kalabagh	255 *
							Wargal	256 *
			Laibinian					257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan	Midian	Capitanian	Aparima		Flettian		259.51
		Wordian	Kuhfengian		Wordian					264.28
										265.3 *
								Barettian		266
							Amb			266.1 *
				Murgabian						266.2 *
		Roadian			Roadian					266.9
		Roadian			Roadian					270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian	Kubergandian	Leonardian					Cathedralian	273.01
				Kubergandian				Mangapirian			276
				Bolorian							279.8
										Hessian	281.9 *
		Artinskian									283.5
								Telfordian			285
			Longlinian								285.4 *
				Yakhtashian							286
					Wolfcampian					Lenoxian	286.1 *
											288.5
		Sakmarian		Sakmarian							290.1
		Asselian	Zisongian	Asselian						Nealian	293.52
		Asselian		Asselian						Nealian	Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian										Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
													300.1
											Stephanian		Stephanian C	300.3 *
													Stephanian B	300.9 *
													Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian											Stephanian A	303.7
		Kasimovian											Cantabrian	305 *
		Moscovian										Middle Pennsylvanian	Cantabrian	307
											Westphalian		Westphalian D	307.4 *
													Westphalian C	309.8
													Westphalian B	314.6
		Bashkirian										Early Pennsylvanian	Westphalian B	315.2
													Westphalian A	317 *
											Namurian		Yeadonian	318.8 *
													Marsdenian	320.2 *
													Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
													Alportian	322 *
													Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian										Late Mississippian	Chokierian	323.2
													Arnsbergian	324 *
													Pendleian	327.4 *
		Visean									Warnantian	Brigantian †	Middle Mississippian	330.9
											Livian	Asbian †		336.3 *
											Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian		340.2 *
		Tournaisian									Ivorian		Early Mississippian	346.7
		Tournaisian									Hastarian		Early Mississippian	353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian												358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian												372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian												382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian												387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian												393.3
		Pragian												407.6
		Lochkovian												410.8
Silurian	Pridoli													419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian												423
	Ludlow	Gorstian												425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian												427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian												430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian												433.4
		Aeronian												438.5
		Rhuddanian												440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian												443.8
		Katian												445.2
		Sandbian							453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian							467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian							470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian							477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							485.4
		Jiangshanian							489.5
		Paibian					494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Series 3 †		497
		Drumian							500.5
		Wuliuan							Stage 5 †					504.5
															509