PBDB Timescale

Permian of China

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view

There are 16 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 42 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of China	Permian of the Russian Platform		Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Carboniferous of China	Permian of the Pamirs	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Carboniferous of North America	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Tertiary †										2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean														3.6
	Miocene	Messinian														5.333
		Tortonian														7.246
		Serravallian														11.63
		Langhian														13.82
		Burdigalian														15.98
		Aquitanian														20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian														23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian														27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian														33.9
		Bartonian														37.71
		Lutetian														41.2
		Ypresian														47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian														56
		Selandian														59.2
		Danian														61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														66
		Campanian														72.1
		Santonian														83.6
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
		Cenomanian														93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
		Aptian														113
		Barremian														121.4
		Hauterivian														125.77
		Valanginian														132.6
		Berriasian														139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									Oteke	Puaroan				145
		Kimmeridgian									Oteke	Puaroan				149.2
											Kawhia	Ohauan				150
												Heterian				154.5
		Oxfordian														154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
		Callovian										Temaikan				164.3
		Bathonian														165.3
		Bajocian														168.2
		Aalenian														170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
		Toarcian									Herangi	Ururoan				176
		Pliensbachian										Ururoan				184.2
		Pliensbachian										Aratauran				188.9
		Sinemurian														192.9
		Hettangian														199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian									Balfour	Otapirian				201.4
		Norian										Warepan				208.5
												Otamitan				217
												Oretian				221
		Carnian										Oretian				227
		Carnian									Gore	Kaihikuan				227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian										Kaihikuan				237
		Ladinian										Etalian				238
		Anisian										Etalian				242
		Anisian										Malakovian				246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian										Malakovian			Vokhmian	247.2
		Olenekian										Nelsonian				249
		Induan										Nelsonian				251.2
		Induan									DUrville	Makarewan				251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Meishanian							Dorashamian		Makarewan				251.902
			Meishanian									Waiitian				253.2
			Baoqingian													253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian	Laoshanian				Longtanian †			Dzhulfian					Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	254.14
												Puruhauan				254.2
				Tatarian	Vyatkian			256.8 *
			Laibinian		Vyatkian			257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan		Severodvinian			Midian	Aparima	Flettian	Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	259.51
		Wordian	Kuhfengian		Urzhumian					Flettian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	264.28
										Barettian		266
								Murgabian				266.2 *
		Roadian		Kazanian	Povolzhian						Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	266.9
		Roadian		Kazanian	Sokian						Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian	Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian			Kubergandian				273.01
					Irenian/Ufimian					Mangapirian		276
					Filipovian							276.5 *
					Filipovian			Bolorian				279.8
					Saraninian							280.1 *
		Artinskian		Artinskian	Sarginian							283.5
										Telfordian		285
			Longlinian									285.4 *
					Irginian							285.9 *
					Irginian	Yakhtashian		286
					Burtsevian			287.8 *
					Burtsevian					288.5
		Sakmarian		Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian	Sakmarian				290.1
		Sakmarian		Sakmarian	Tastubian	Sakmarian				291.7 *
		Asselian	Zisongian	Asselian	Shikhanian	Asselian				Bursumian †		293.52
					Uskalykian							294.8
					Surenian							297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								Virgilian		Mapingian †	298.9
													Xiaodushanian	300 *
														300.1
		Kasimovian								Missourian				303.7
										Missourian			Dalaun	305.8 *
										Desmoinesian				305.9 *
		Moscovian								Desmoinesian				307
		Moscovian								Atokan				312.7 *
		Bashkirian								Atokan				315.2
										Morrowan				318.4 *
													Huashibanian	318.5 *
													Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian								Dewunian			Chesterian	323.2
		Serpukhovian								Shangsian				330.8 *
		Visean								Shangsian				330.9
										Jiusian				335 *
													Meramecian	335.8 *
													Osagean	343.1 *
		Tournaisian								Tangbagouan			Osagean	346.7
		Tournaisian								Tangbagouan			Kinderhookian	351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian												358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian												372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian												382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian												387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian												393.3
		Pragian												407.6
		Lochkovian												410.8
Silurian	Pridoli													419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian												423
	Ludlow	Gorstian												425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian												427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian												430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian												433.4
		Aeronian												438.5
		Rhuddanian												440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian												443.8
		Katian												445.2
		Sandbian												453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian												458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian												467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian												470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					485.4
		Jiangshanian					489.5
		Paibian					494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Series 3 †							497
		Drumian												500.5
		Wuliuan									Stage 5 †			504.5
																509