PBDB Timescale

Permian of China

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 16 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 42 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of China	Permian of the Russian Platform		Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Permian of the Salt Range	Permian of North America		Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Tertiary †								2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean												3.6
	Miocene	Messinian												5.333
		Tortonian												7.246
		Serravallian												11.63
		Langhian												13.82
		Burdigalian												15.98
		Aquitanian												20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian												27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian												33.9
		Bartonian												37.71
		Lutetian												41.2
		Ypresian												47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian												56
		Selandian												59.2
		Danian												61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
		Campanian												72.1
		Santonian												83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
		Aptian												113
		Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian												125.77
		Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian												139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
		Kimmeridgian												149.2
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Bathonian												165.3
		Bajocian												168.2
		Aalenian												170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
		Pliensbachian												184.2
		Sinemurian												192.9
		Hettangian												199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
		Norian												208.5
		Carnian												227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian												237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian												242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian							Vokhmian					247.2
		Induan												251.2
		Induan								Kathwai				251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Meishanian							Kathwai				251.902
														252.4 *
										Chhidru				252.9 *
			Baoqingian											253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian	Laoshanian				Longtanian †		Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian					254.14
										Kalabagh				255 *
										Wargal				256 *
				Tatarian	Vyatkian									256.8 *
			Laibinian		Vyatkian									257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan		Severodvinian				Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian		Capitanian			259.51
		Wordian	Kuhfengian		Urzhumian				Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian		Wordian			264.28
														265.3 *
										Amb				266.1 *
		Roadian		Kazanian	Povolzhian				Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	Amb	Roadian			266.9
		Roadian		Kazanian	Sokian				Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian		Roadian			270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian	Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian						Leonardian	Cathedralian		273.01
					Filipovian			276.5 *
					Saraninian			280.1 *
					Saraninian			Hessian				281.9 *
		Artinskian		Artinskian	Sarginian							283.5
			Longlinian		Sarginian							285.4 *
					Irginian							285.9 *
					Irginian			Wolfcampian			Lenoxian	286.1 *
					Burtsevian							287.8 *
		Sakmarian		Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian							290.1
		Sakmarian		Sakmarian	Tastubian							291.7 *
		Asselian	Zisongian	Asselian	Shikhanian						Nealian	293.52
					Uskalykian							294.8
					Surenian							297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian										Mapingian †	298.9
		Gzhelian											300.1
		Kasimovian											303.7
		Kasimovian											305.9
		Moscovian				307
		Bashkirian				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
		Visean				330.9
		Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				443.8
		Katian				445.2
		Sandbian				453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian				467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian				470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian				477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				485.4
		Jiangshanian				489.5
		Paibian				494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Series 3 †							497
		Drumian											500.5
		Wuliuan					Stage 5 †						504.5
														509