PBDB Timescale

Permian of China

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view

There are 16 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 42 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of China	Permian of the Russian Platform		Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Carboniferous of North America	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Permian Subages of Germany	Ten Million Year Bins	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan											Cenozoic 6		0
		Northgrippian													0.0042
		Greenlandian													0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													0.0117
		Chibanian													0.129
		Calabrian													0.774
		Gelasian													1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							Tertiary †						2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean													3.6
	Miocene	Messinian													5.333
		Tortonian													7.246
		Serravallian											Cenozoic 5		11.63
		Langhian													13.82
		Burdigalian													15.98
		Aquitanian													20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											Cenozoic 4		23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian											Cenozoic 4		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian											Cenozoic 3		33.9
		Bartonian											Cenozoic 3		37.71
		Lutetian											Cenozoic 2		41.2
		Ypresian											Cenozoic 2		47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian											Cenozoic 1		56
		Selandian													59.2
		Danian													61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											Cretaceous 8		66
		Campanian											Cretaceous 7		72.1
		Santonian											Cretaceous 6		83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian											Cretaceous 5		93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian											Cretaceous 4		100.5
		Aptian											Cretaceous 3		113
		Barremian											Cretaceous 2		121.4
		Hauterivian											Cretaceous 2		125.77
		Valanginian											Cretaceous 1		132.6
		Berriasian											Cretaceous 1		139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Oteke	Puaroan						Jurassic 6		145
		Kimmeridgian				Oteke	Puaroan						Jurassic 5		149.2
						Kawhia	Ohauan								150
							Heterian								154.5
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Callovian					Temaikan								164.3
		Bathonian											Jurassic 4		165.3
		Bajocian											Jurassic 4		168.2
		Aalenian											Jurassic 3		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
		Toarcian				Herangi	Ururoan								176
		Pliensbachian					Ururoan						Jurassic 2		184.2
		Pliensbachian					Aratauran						Jurassic 2		188.9
		Sinemurian											Jurassic 1		192.9
		Hettangian											Jurassic 1		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				Balfour	Otapirian						Triassic 4		201.4
		Norian					Warepan								208.5
							Otamitan								217
							Oretian								221
		Carnian					Oretian						Triassic 3		227
		Carnian				Gore	Kaihikuan						Triassic 3		227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian					Kaihikuan						Triassic 2		237
		Ladinian					Etalian								238
		Anisian					Etalian								242
		Anisian					Malakovian								246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian					Malakovian						Triassic 1		247.2
		Olenekian					Nelsonian								249
		Induan	251.2				Nelsonian
		Induan	DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan	Meishanian	Buntsandstein	Permian 4	251.902
				Waiitian	Meishanian			253.2
					Baoqingian			253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian			Laoshanian			Longtanian †		254.14
				Puruhauan						254.2
										Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
					Laibinian						Vyatkian	257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan	Severodvinian	Aparima	Flettian					Ohre/Aller	259.51
		Wordian	Kuhfengian	Urzhumian		Flettian					Leine	264.28
		Wordian		Urzhumian		Barettian					Leine	266
		Roadian		Kazanian			Povolzhian				Permian 3	266.9
		Roadian		Kazanian			Sokian				Permian 3	270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian	Kungurian			Irenian/Ufimian				Permian 2	273.01
						Mangapirian	Irenian/Ufimian					276
							Filipovian					276.5 *
							Saraninian					280.1 *
		Artinskian		Artinskian			Sarginian					283.5
						Telfordian						285
			Longlinian									285.4 *
							Irginian					285.9 *
							Burtsevian					287.8 *
							Burtsevian					288.5
		Sakmarian		Sakmarian			Sterlitamakian		290.1
		Sakmarian		Sakmarian			Tastubian		291.7 *
		Asselian	Zisongian	Asselian			Shikhanian		Bursumian †		Permian 1	293.52
							Uskalykian					294.8
							Surenian					297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							Virgilian		Carboniferous 5	Mapingian †	298.9
													Xiaodushanian	300 *
														300.1
		Kasimovian							Missourian					303.7
									Missourian				Dalaun	305.8 *
									Desmoinesian					305.9 *
		Moscovian							Desmoinesian		Carboniferous 4			307
		Moscovian							Atokan					312.7 *
		Bashkirian							Atokan					315.2
									Morrowan					318.4 *
													Huashibanian	318.5 *
													Lousuan	321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian							Chesterian		Carboniferous 3		Dewunian	323.2
		Serpukhovian									Carboniferous 3		Shangsian	330.8 *
		Visean									Carboniferous 2		Shangsian	330.9
													Jiusian	335 *
									Meramecian					335.8 *
									Osagean					343.1 *
		Tournaisian							Osagean		Carboniferous 1		Tangbagouan	346.7
		Tournaisian							Kinderhookian		Carboniferous 1		Tangbagouan	351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian									Devonian 5			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian									Devonian 4			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian									Devonian 3			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian									Devonian 3			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian									Devonian 2			393.3
		Pragian									Devonian 1			407.6
		Lochkovian									Devonian 1			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli										Silurian 2			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian												423
	Ludlow	Gorstian												425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian												427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian												430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian									Silurian 1			433.4
		Aeronian												438.5
		Rhuddanian												440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian									Ordovician 5			443.8
		Katian									Ordovician 5			445.2
		Sandbian									Ordovician 4			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian									Ordovician 3			458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian									Ordovician 2			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian									Ordovician 2			470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian									Ordovician 1			477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10									Cambrian 5			485.4
		Jiangshanian												489.5
		Paibian						494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Series 3 †			Cambrian 4			497
		Drumian									Cambrian 4			500.5
		Wuliuan								Stage 5 †	Cambrian 3			504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4									Cambrian 3			509
	Series 2	Stage 3									Cambrian 2			514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2									Cambrian 2			521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian									Cambrian 1			529
															538.8