PBDB Timescale

Permian of China

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view

There are 16 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 42 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of China	Permian of the Russian Platform		Carboniferous Subepochs	Permian of the Salt Range	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Permian of Western Europe
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Tertiary †				2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean										3.6
	Miocene	Messinian										5.333
		Tortonian										7.246
		Serravallian										11.63
		Langhian										13.82
		Burdigalian										15.98
		Aquitanian										20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian										27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian										33.9
		Bartonian										37.71
		Lutetian										41.2
		Ypresian										47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian										56
		Selandian										59.2
		Danian										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
		Campanian										72.1
		Santonian										83.6
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian										93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
		Aptian										113
		Barremian										121.4
		Hauterivian										125.77
		Valanginian										132.6
		Berriasian										139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
		Kimmeridgian										149.2
		Oxfordian										154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
		Bathonian										165.3
		Bajocian										168.2
		Aalenian										170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
		Pliensbachian										184.2
		Sinemurian										192.9
		Hettangian										199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
		Norian										208.5
		Carnian										227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian										237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian										242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian										247.2
		Induan										251.2
		Induan					Kathwai					251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Meishanian				Kathwai					251.902
												252.4 *
							Chhidru					252.9 *
			Baoqingian									253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian	Laoshanian						Longtanian †		Zechstein	254.14
							Kalabagh					255 *
							Wargal					256 *
				Tatarian	Vyatkian							256.8 *
			Laibinian		Vyatkian							257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan		Severodvinian						Rotliegendes	259.51
		Wordian	Kuhfengian		Urzhumian							264.28
												265.3 *
							Amb					266.1 *
		Roadian		Kazanian	Povolzhian		Amb					266.9
		Roadian		Kazanian	Sokian							270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian	Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian							273.01
					Filipovian	276.5 *
					Saraninian	280.1 *
		Artinskian		Artinskian	Sarginian	Autunian				283.5
			Longlinian		Sarginian					285.4 *
					Irginian					285.9 *
					Burtsevian					287.8 *
		Sakmarian		Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian					290.1
		Sakmarian		Sakmarian	Tastubian					291.7 *
		Asselian	Zisongian	Asselian	Shikhanian					293.52
					Uskalykian					294.8
					Surenian					297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Late Pennsylvanian					298.9
		Gzhelian									300.1
		Kasimovian									303.7
		Moscovian				Middle Pennsylvanian					307
		Bashkirian				Early Pennsylvanian					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Late Mississippian					323.2
		Visean				Middle Mississippian		330.9
		Tournaisian				Early Mississippian		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
		Pragian						407.6
		Lochkovian						410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						443.8
		Katian						445.2
		Sandbian						453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian						467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian						470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian						477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						485.4
		Jiangshanian						489.5
		Paibian						494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Series 3 †			497
		Drumian									500.5
		Wuliuan							Stage 5 †		504.5
												509