PBDB Timescale

Permian of China

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view

There are 16 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 42 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of China	Permian of the Russian Platform		Carboniferous of Western Europe		Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Permian of North America		Ten Million Year Bins	Permian of Western Europe
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan											Cenozoic 6		0
		Northgrippian													0.0042
		Greenlandian													0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													0.0117
		Chibanian													0.129
		Calabrian													0.774
		Gelasian													1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Tertiary †							2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean													3.6
	Miocene	Messinian													5.333
		Tortonian													7.246
		Serravallian											Cenozoic 5		11.63
		Langhian													13.82
		Burdigalian													15.98
		Aquitanian													20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											Cenozoic 4		23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian											Cenozoic 4		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian											Cenozoic 3		33.9
		Bartonian											Cenozoic 3		37.71
		Lutetian											Cenozoic 2		41.2
		Ypresian											Cenozoic 2		47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian											Cenozoic 1		56
		Selandian													59.2
		Danian													61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											Cretaceous 8		66
		Campanian											Cretaceous 7		72.1
		Santonian											Cretaceous 6		83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian											Cretaceous 5		93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian											Cretaceous 4		100.5
		Aptian											Cretaceous 3		113
		Barremian											Cretaceous 2		121.4
		Hauterivian											Cretaceous 2		125.77
		Valanginian											Cretaceous 1		132.6
		Berriasian											Cretaceous 1		139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											Jurassic 6		145
		Kimmeridgian											Jurassic 5		149.2
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Bathonian											Jurassic 4		165.3
		Bajocian											Jurassic 4		168.2
		Aalenian											Jurassic 3		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian											Jurassic 3		174.7
		Pliensbachian											Jurassic 2		184.2
		Sinemurian											Jurassic 1		192.9
		Hettangian											Jurassic 1		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											Triassic 4		201.4
		Norian											Triassic 4		208.5
		Carnian											Triassic 3		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian											Triassic 2		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian											Triassic 2		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian											Triassic 1		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan											Triassic 1		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Meishanian										Permian 4		251.902
		Changhsingian	Baoqingian												253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian	Laoshanian						Longtanian †					Zechstein	254.14
			Laoshanian	Tatarian	Vyatkian										256.8 *
			Laibinian		Vyatkian										257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan		Severodvinian						Capitanian			Rotliegendes	259.51
		Wordian	Kuhfengian		Urzhumian						Wordian				264.28
		Roadian		Kazanian	Povolzhian						Roadian		Permian 3		266.9
		Roadian		Kazanian	Sokian						Roadian		Permian 3		270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian	Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian						Leonardian	Cathedralian	Permian 2		273.01
					Filipovian	276.5 *
					Saraninian	280.1 *
					Saraninian	Hessian	281.9 *
		Artinskian		Artinskian	Sarginian		Autunian			283.5
			Longlinian		Sarginian					285.4 *
					Irginian					285.9 *
					Irginian	Wolfcampian				Lenoxian	286.1 *
					Burtsevian						287.8 *
		Sakmarian		Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian						290.1
		Sakmarian		Sakmarian	Tastubian						291.7 *
		Asselian	Zisongian	Asselian	Shikhanian					Nealian	Permian 1	293.52
					Uskalykian							294.8
					Surenian							297.5
					Surenian							Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								Carboniferous 5			298.9
													300.1
												Stephanian	Stephanian C	300.3 *
													Stephanian B	300.9 *
													Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian											Stephanian A	303.7
		Kasimovian											Cantabrian	305 *
		Moscovian								Carboniferous 4			Cantabrian	307
												Westphalian	Westphalian D	307.4 *
													Westphalian C	309.8
								Westphalian B					314.6
		Bashkirian						Westphalian B					315.2
								Westphalian A					317 *
								Namurian				Yeadonian	318.8 *
												Marsdenian	320.2 *
												Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
												Alportian	322 *
												Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian								Carboniferous 3		Chokierian	323.2
												Arnsbergian	324 *
												Pendleian	327.4 *
		Visean						Warnantian		Brigantian †		Carboniferous 2	330.9
								Livian		Asbian †			336.3 *
								Moliniacian		Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian			340.2 *
		Tournaisian						Ivorian				Carboniferous 1	346.7
		Tournaisian						Hastarian				Carboniferous 1	353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian										Devonian 5	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian										Devonian 4	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian										Devonian 3	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian										Devonian 3	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian										Devonian 2	393.3
		Pragian										Devonian 1	407.6
		Lochkovian										Devonian 1	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli											Silurian 2	419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian											423
	Ludlow	Gorstian											425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian											427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian											430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian										Silurian 1	433.4
		Aeronian											438.5
		Rhuddanian											440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian										Ordovician 5	443.8
		Katian										Ordovician 5	445.2
		Sandbian										Ordovician 4	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian										Ordovician 3	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian							Ordovician 2			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian							Ordovician 2			470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian							Ordovician 1			477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Cambrian 5			485.4
		Jiangshanian										489.5
		Paibian										494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Series 3 †			Cambrian 4	497
		Drumian										Cambrian 4	500.5
		Wuliuan										Stage 5 †	Cambrian 3	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4											Cambrian 3	509
	Series 2	Stage 3											Cambrian 2	514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2											Cambrian 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian											Cambrian 1	529
															538.8