PBDB Timescale

Permian of China

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view

There are 16 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 42 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of China	Permian of the Russian Platform		Carboniferous of Western Europe		Permian of Western Europe	Permian of the Pamirs	Carboniferous of China	Carboniferous Subepochs	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Carboniferous of North America	Permian Subages of Germany
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										Tertiary †					2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean															3.6
	Miocene	Messinian															5.333
		Tortonian															7.246
		Serravallian															11.63
		Langhian															13.82
		Burdigalian															15.98
		Aquitanian															20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian															23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian															27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian															33.9
		Bartonian															37.71
		Lutetian															41.2
		Ypresian															47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian															56
		Selandian															59.2
		Danian															61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															66
		Campanian															72.1
		Santonian															83.6
		Coniacian															86.3
		Turonian															89.8
		Cenomanian															93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian															100.5
		Aptian															113
		Barremian															121.4
		Hauterivian															125.77
		Valanginian															132.6
		Berriasian															139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian															145
		Kimmeridgian															149.2
		Oxfordian															154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
		Bathonian															165.3
		Bajocian															168.2
		Aalenian															170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
		Pliensbachian															184.2
		Sinemurian															192.9
		Hettangian															199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian															201.4
		Norian															208.5
		Carnian															227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian															237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian															242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian															247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan															251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Meishanian						Dorashamian							Buntsandstein	251.902
		Changhsingian	Baoqingian						Dorashamian								253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian	Laoshanian					Zechstein	Dzhulfian				Longtanian †				254.14
			Laoshanian	Tatarian	Vyatkian												256.8 *
			Laibinian		Vyatkian												257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan		Severodvinian			Rotliegendes	Midian							Ohre/Aller	259.51
		Wordian	Kuhfengian		Urzhumian				Midian							Leine	264.28
		Wordian			Urzhumian				Murgabian							Leine	266.2 *
		Roadian		Kazanian	Povolzhian												266.9
		Roadian		Kazanian	Sokian												270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian	Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian				Kubergandian								273.01
					Filipovian				Kubergandian								276.5 *
					Filipovian				Bolorian								279.8
					Saraninian												280.1 *
		Artinskian		Artinskian	Sarginian			Autunian									283.5
			Longlinian		Sarginian												285.4 *
					Irginian												285.9 *
					Irginian	Yakhtashian	286
					Burtsevian	Yakhtashian	287.8 *
		Sakmarian		Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian	Sakmarian	290.1
		Sakmarian		Sakmarian	Tastubian	Sakmarian	291.7 *
		Asselian	Zisongian	Asselian	Shikhanian	Asselian	Bursumian †		293.52
					Uskalykian				294.8
					Surenian				297.5
					Surenian				Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						Late Pennsylvanian		Virgilian	298.9
											Xiaodushanian			300 *
														300.1
									Stephanian					Stephanian C	300.3 *
														Stephanian B	300.9 *
														Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian								Missourian				Stephanian A	303.7
														Cantabrian	305 *
											Dalaun				305.8 *
										Desmoinesian		305.9 *
		Moscovian						Middle Pennsylvanian				307
									Westphalian			Westphalian D		307.4 *
												Westphalian C		309.8
										Atokan		Westphalian C		312.7 *
												Westphalian B		314.6
		Bashkirian						Early Pennsylvanian				Westphalian B		315.2
												Westphalian A		317 *
										Morrowan				318.4 *
											Huashibanian			318.5 *
									Namurian			Yeadonian		318.8 *
												Marsdenian		320.2 *
											Lousuan	Marsdenian		321.2 *
												Kinderscoutian		321.5 *
												Alportian		322 *
												Chokierian		323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						Dewunian		Late Mississippian	Chesterian	Chokierian		323.2
												Arnsbergian		324 *
												Pendleian		327.4 *
								Shangsian				Pendleian		330.8 *
		Visean						Shangsian	Warnantian	Brigantian †		Middle Mississippian		330.9
								Jiusian						335 *
											Meramecian			335.8 *
									Livian	Asbian †				336.3 *
									Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian				340.2 *
									Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	Osagean			343.1 *
		Tournaisian						Ivorian		Tangbagouan	Osagean	Early Mississippian		346.7
								Ivorian			Kinderhookian			351.9 *
								Hastarian			Kinderhookian			353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian												358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian												372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian												382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian												387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian												393.3
		Pragian												407.6
		Lochkovian											410.8
Silurian	Pridoli												419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian											423
	Ludlow	Gorstian											425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian											427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian											430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian											433.4
		Aeronian											438.5
		Rhuddanian											440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian											443.8
		Katian											445.2
		Sandbian											453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian											458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian											467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian											470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian											477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10											485.4
		Jiangshanian											489.5
		Paibian											494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian											Series 3 †	497
		Drumian		500.5
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †	504.5
																	509