PBDB Timescale

Permian of China

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view

There are 16 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 42 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of China	Ten Million Year Bins	Carboniferous Subepochs	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Permian of the Salt Range	Permian of the Russian Platform		Permian of North America		Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan		Cenozoic 6											0
		Northgrippian													0.0042
		Greenlandian													0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													0.0117
		Chibanian													0.129
		Calabrian													0.774
		Gelasian													1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian													2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean													3.6
	Miocene	Messinian													5.333
		Tortonian													7.246
		Serravallian		Cenozoic 5											11.63
		Langhian													13.82
		Burdigalian													15.98
		Aquitanian													20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Cenozoic 4											23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian		Cenozoic 4											27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian		Cenozoic 3											33.9
		Bartonian		Cenozoic 3											37.71
		Lutetian		Cenozoic 2											41.2
		Ypresian		Cenozoic 2											47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Cenozoic 1											56
		Selandian													59.2
		Danian													61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Cretaceous 8											66
		Campanian		Cretaceous 7											72.1
		Santonian		Cretaceous 6											83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian		Cretaceous 5											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Cretaceous 4											100.5
		Aptian		Cretaceous 3											113
		Barremian		Cretaceous 2											121.4
		Hauterivian		Cretaceous 2											125.77
		Valanginian		Cretaceous 1											132.6
		Berriasian		Cretaceous 1											139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Jurassic 6		Oteke	Puaroan								145
		Kimmeridgian		Jurassic 5		Oteke	Puaroan								149.2
						Kawhia	Ohauan								150
							Heterian								154.5
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Callovian					Temaikan								164.3
		Bathonian		Jurassic 4											165.3
		Bajocian		Jurassic 4											168.2
		Aalenian		Jurassic 3											170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
		Toarcian				Herangi	Ururoan								176
		Pliensbachian		Jurassic 2			Ururoan								184.2
		Pliensbachian		Jurassic 2			Aratauran								188.9
		Sinemurian		Jurassic 1											192.9
		Hettangian		Jurassic 1											199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Triassic 4		Balfour	Otapirian								201.4
		Norian					Warepan								208.5
							Otamitan								217
							Oretian								221
		Carnian		Triassic 3			Oretian								227
		Carnian		Triassic 3		Gore	Kaihikuan								227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Triassic 2			Kaihikuan								237
		Ladinian					Etalian								238
		Anisian					Etalian								242
		Anisian					Malakovian								246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Triassic 1			Malakovian	Vokhmian							247.2
		Olenekian					Nelsonian								249
		Induan	251.2				Nelsonian
		Induan	DUrville		Makarewan	Kathwai	251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Meishanian		Kathwai	Permian 4		251.902
									252.4 *
						Chhidru			252.9 *
					Waiitian				253.2
				Baoqingian					253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian		Laoshanian				Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	254.14
					Puruhauan				254.2
						Kalabagh			255 *
						Wargal			256 *
									Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
				Laibinian						Vyatkian	257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan	Aparima	Flettian			Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian		Severodvinian	Capitanian	259.51
		Wordian	Kuhfengian					Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian		Urzhumian	Wordian	264.28
												265.3 *
					Barettian							266
						Amb						266.1 *
		Roadian				Amb	Permian 3	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	Kazanian	Povolzhian	Roadian	266.9
		Roadian					Permian 3	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	Kazanian	Sokian	Roadian	270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian				Permian 2		Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian	Leonardian	Cathedralian	273.01
					Mangapirian					Irenian/Ufimian			276
										Filipovian			276.5 *
										Saraninian			280.1 *
										Saraninian		Hessian	281.9 *
		Artinskian							Artinskian	Sarginian			283.5
					Telfordian								285
			Longlinian										285.4 *
										Irginian			285.9 *
										Irginian	Wolfcampian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
										Burtsevian			287.8 *
										Burtsevian			288.5
		Sakmarian							Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian			290.1
		Sakmarian							Sakmarian	Tastubian			291.7 *
		Asselian	Zisongian				Permian 1		Asselian	Shikhanian		Nealian	293.52
										Uskalykian			294.8
										Surenian			297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Carboniferous 5		Late Pennsylvanian					Mapingian †	298.9
		Gzhelian													300.1
		Kasimovian													303.7
		Kasimovian													305.9
		Moscovian					Carboniferous 4		Middle Pennsylvanian						307
		Bashkirian					Carboniferous 4		Early Pennsylvanian						315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Carboniferous 3		Late Mississippian						323.2
		Visean					Carboniferous 2		Middle Mississippian						330.9
		Tournaisian					Carboniferous 1		Early Mississippian						346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					Devonian 5								358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					Devonian 4								372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					Devonian 3								382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					Devonian 3								387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					Devonian 2								393.3
		Pragian					Devonian 1								407.6
		Lochkovian					Devonian 1								410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						Silurian 2								419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian													423
	Ludlow	Gorstian													425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian													427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian													430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					Silurian 1								433.4
		Aeronian													438.5
		Rhuddanian													440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Ordovician 5								443.8
		Katian					Ordovician 5								445.2
		Sandbian					Ordovician 4								453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					Ordovician 3								458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					Ordovician 2								467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian					Ordovician 2								470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					Ordovician 1								477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Cambrian 5								485.4
		Jiangshanian													489.5
		Paibian													494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Cambrian 4								497
		Drumian					Cambrian 4								500.5
		Wuliuan					Cambrian 3								504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4					Cambrian 3								509
	Series 2	Stage 3					Cambrian 2								514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2					Cambrian 2								521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian					Cambrian 1								529
															538.8