PBDB Timescale

Permian of China

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 16 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 42 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of China	Ten Million Year Bins	Carboniferous of North America	Permian of North America		Permian Subages of Germany	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Permian of Western Europe
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan		Cenozoic 6									0
		Northgrippian											0.0042
		Greenlandian											0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
		Chibanian											0.129
		Calabrian											0.774
		Gelasian											1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean											3.6
	Miocene	Messinian											5.333
		Tortonian											7.246
		Serravallian		Cenozoic 5									11.63
		Langhian											13.82
		Burdigalian											15.98
		Aquitanian											20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Cenozoic 4									23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian		Cenozoic 4									27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian		Cenozoic 3									33.9
		Bartonian		Cenozoic 3									37.71
		Lutetian		Cenozoic 2									41.2
		Ypresian		Cenozoic 2									47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Cenozoic 1									56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Cretaceous 8									66
		Campanian		Cretaceous 7									72.1
		Santonian		Cretaceous 6									83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian		Cretaceous 5									93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Cretaceous 4									100.5
		Aptian		Cretaceous 3									113
		Barremian		Cretaceous 2									121.4
		Hauterivian		Cretaceous 2									125.77
		Valanginian		Cretaceous 1									132.6
		Berriasian		Cretaceous 1									139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Jurassic 6						Oteke	Puaroan		145
		Kimmeridgian		Jurassic 5						Oteke	Puaroan		149.2
										Kawhia	Ohauan		150
											Heterian		154.5
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Callovian									Temaikan		164.3
		Bathonian		Jurassic 4									165.3
		Bajocian		Jurassic 4									168.2
		Aalenian		Jurassic 3									170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
		Toarcian								Herangi	Ururoan		176
		Pliensbachian		Jurassic 2							Ururoan		184.2
		Pliensbachian		Jurassic 2							Aratauran		188.9
		Sinemurian		Jurassic 1									192.9
		Hettangian		Jurassic 1									199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Triassic 4						Balfour	Otapirian		201.4
		Norian									Warepan		208.5
											Otamitan		217
											Oretian		221
		Carnian		Triassic 3							Oretian		227
		Carnian		Triassic 3						Gore	Kaihikuan		227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Triassic 2							Kaihikuan		237
		Ladinian									Etalian		238
		Anisian									Etalian		242
		Anisian									Malakovian		246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Triassic 1					Vokhmian		Malakovian		247.2
		Olenekian									Nelsonian		249
		Induan	251.2								Nelsonian
		Induan	DUrville		Makarewan	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Meishanian	Makarewan	Permian 4	Buntsandstein		251.902
				Meishanian	Waiitian				253.2
				Baoqingian					253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian		Laoshanian				Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	Zechstein	254.14
				Laoshanian	Puruhauan					254.2
				Laibinian	Puruhauan					257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan	Capitanian	Ohre/Aller		Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	Aparima	Flettian	Rotliegendes	259.51
		Wordian	Kuhfengian	Wordian	Leine		Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian		Flettian		264.28
		Wordian		Wordian	Leine		Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian		Barettian		266
		Roadian		Permian 3	Roadian		Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian	Permian 2	Leonardian		Cathedralian					273.01
							Cathedralian		Mangapirian			276
							Hessian					281.9 *
		Artinskian								Autunian		283.5
									Telfordian			285
			Longlinian									285.4 *
					Wolfcampian		Lenoxian					286.1 *
												288.5
		Sakmarian										290.1
		Asselian	Zisongian	Permian 1			Bursumian †					Nealian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Zisongian	Carboniferous 5	Virgilian								298.9
		Gzhelian			Virgilian								300.1
		Kasimovian			Missourian								303.7
		Kasimovian			Desmoinesian								305.9 *
		Moscovian		Carboniferous 4	Desmoinesian								307
		Moscovian			Atokan								312.7 *
		Bashkirian			Atokan								315.2
		Bashkirian			Morrowan								318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Carboniferous 3	Chesterian								323.2
		Visean		Carboniferous 2	Chesterian								330.9
					Meramecian								335.8 *
					Osagean								343.1 *
		Tournaisian		Carboniferous 1	Osagean								346.7
		Tournaisian		Carboniferous 1	Kinderhookian								351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Devonian 5									358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		Devonian 4									372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Devonian 3									382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Devonian 3									387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		Devonian 2									393.3
		Pragian		Devonian 1									407.6
		Lochkovian		Devonian 1									410.8
													419.2