PBDB Timescale

Permian of China

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view

There are 16 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 42 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of China	Ten Million Year Bins	Permian Subages of Germany	Carboniferous of North America	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Permian of the Russian Platform		Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan		Cenozoic 6								0
		Northgrippian										0.0042
		Greenlandian										0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										0.0117
		Chibanian										0.129
		Calabrian										0.774
		Gelasian										1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								Tertiary †		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean										3.6
	Miocene	Messinian										5.333
		Tortonian										7.246
		Serravallian		Cenozoic 5								11.63
		Langhian										13.82
		Burdigalian										15.98
		Aquitanian										20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Cenozoic 4								23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian		Cenozoic 4								27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian		Cenozoic 3								33.9
		Bartonian		Cenozoic 3								37.71
		Lutetian		Cenozoic 2								41.2
		Ypresian		Cenozoic 2								47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Cenozoic 1								56
		Selandian										59.2
		Danian										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Cretaceous 8								66
		Campanian		Cretaceous 7								72.1
		Santonian		Cretaceous 6								83.6
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian		Cretaceous 5								93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Cretaceous 4								100.5
		Aptian		Cretaceous 3								113
		Barremian		Cretaceous 2								121.4
		Hauterivian		Cretaceous 2								125.77
		Valanginian		Cretaceous 1								132.6
		Berriasian		Cretaceous 1								139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Jurassic 6								145
		Kimmeridgian		Jurassic 5								149.2
		Oxfordian										154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
		Bathonian		Jurassic 4								165.3
		Bajocian		Jurassic 4								168.2
		Aalenian		Jurassic 3								170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Jurassic 3								174.7
		Pliensbachian		Jurassic 2								184.2
		Sinemurian		Jurassic 1								192.9
		Hettangian		Jurassic 1								199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Triassic 4								201.4
		Norian		Triassic 4								208.5
		Carnian		Triassic 3								227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Triassic 2								237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		Triassic 2								242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Triassic 1								247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		Triassic 1								251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Meishanian	Permian 4	Buntsandstein		Melekhovian					251.902
		Changhsingian	Baoqingian									253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian	Laoshanian								Longtanian †	254.14
			Laoshanian					Tatarian	Vyatkian			256.8 *
			Laibinian						Vyatkian			257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan		Ohre/Aller				Severodvinian			259.51
		Wordian	Kuhfengian		Leine				Urzhumian			264.28
		Wordian			Leine		Noginskian		Urzhumian			264.9 *
		Roadian		Permian 3				Kazanian	Povolzhian			266.9
		Roadian		Permian 3				Kazanian	Sokian			270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian	Permian 2		Kungurian		Irenian/Ufimian	273.01
								Filipovian	276.5 *
							Pavlovoposadian	Filipovian	276.8 *
								Saraninian	280.1 *
		Artinskian				Artinskian		Sarginian	283.5
			Longlinian					Sarginian	285.4 *
								Irginian	285.9 *
							Rusavkinian	Irginian	287.6 *
								Burtsevian	287.8 *
		Sakmarian				Sakmarian		Sterlitamakian	290.1
		Sakmarian				Sakmarian		Tastubian	291.7 *
		Asselian	Zisongian	Permian 1		Bursumian †		Asselian	Shikhanian			293.52
									Uskalykian			294.8
									Surenian			297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Carboniferous 5		Virgilian						298.9
		Gzhelian				Virgilian						300.1
		Kasimovian				Missourian	Dorogomilovian					303.7
							Khamovnikian					304.8
							Krevyakinian					305.8 *
						Desmoinesian	Krevyakinian					305.9 *
		Moscovian		Carboniferous 4			Myachkovian					307
							Podolskian					308.9 *
							Kashirian					311.4 *
						Atokan	Kashirian					312.7 *
							Vereian			313.8
							Melekessian			314.8
		Bashkirian					Melekessian			315.2
							Cheremshanian			316.9 *
						Morrowan	Cheremshanian			318.4 *
							Prikamian			318.6 *
							Severokeltmian			319.9 *
							Krasnopolyanian			321.2 *
							Voznesenian			321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Carboniferous 3		Chesterian	Zapaltjubian			323.2
							Protvian			324.4 *
							Steshevian			326.8 *
							Tarusian			329 *
		Visean		Carboniferous 2			Venevian			330.9
							Mikhailovian			331.9 *
							Aleksinian			333.7 *
						Meramecian	Tulian			335.8 *
						Meramecian	Bobrikian			339.9 *
						Osagean	Bobrikian			343.1 *
							Radaevkian			343.4 *
		Tournaisian		Carboniferous 1			Kosvian			346.7
							Kizelian			350.7 *
						Kinderhookian	Cherepetian			351.9 *
							Karakubian			354.4 *
							Upinian			356.3 *
							Malevkian			357.6 *
							Gumerovian			358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Devonian 5						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		Devonian 4						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Devonian 3						382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Devonian 3						387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		Devonian 2						393.3
		Pragian		Devonian 1						407.6
		Lochkovian		Devonian 1						410.8
												419.2