PBDB Timescale

Permian of China

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view

There are 16 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 42 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of China	Ten Million Year Bins	Permian of the Pamirs	Carboniferous of North America	Permian of North America		Permian of Western Europe	Carboniferous Subepochs	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan		Cenozoic 6									0
		Northgrippian											0.0042
		Greenlandian											0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
		Chibanian											0.129
		Calabrian											0.774
		Gelasian											1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean											3.6
	Miocene	Messinian											5.333
		Tortonian											7.246
		Serravallian		Cenozoic 5									11.63
		Langhian											13.82
		Burdigalian											15.98
		Aquitanian											20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Cenozoic 4									23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian		Cenozoic 4									27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian		Cenozoic 3									33.9
		Bartonian		Cenozoic 3									37.71
		Lutetian		Cenozoic 2									41.2
		Ypresian		Cenozoic 2									47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Cenozoic 1									56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Cretaceous 8									66
		Campanian		Cretaceous 7									72.1
		Santonian		Cretaceous 6									83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian		Cretaceous 5									93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Cretaceous 4									100.5
		Aptian		Cretaceous 3									113
		Barremian		Cretaceous 2									121.4
		Hauterivian		Cretaceous 2									125.77
		Valanginian		Cretaceous 1									132.6
		Berriasian		Cretaceous 1									139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Jurassic 6									145
		Kimmeridgian		Jurassic 5									149.2
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Bathonian		Jurassic 4									165.3
		Bajocian		Jurassic 4									168.2
		Aalenian		Jurassic 3									170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Jurassic 3									174.7
		Pliensbachian		Jurassic 2									184.2
		Sinemurian		Jurassic 1									192.9
		Hettangian		Jurassic 1									199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Triassic 4									201.4
		Norian		Triassic 4									208.5
		Carnian		Triassic 3									227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Triassic 2									237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		Triassic 2									242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Triassic 1								Vokhmian	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		Triassic 1								Vokhmian	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Meishanian	Permian 4	Dorashamian								251.902
		Changhsingian	Baoqingian		Dorashamian								253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian	Laoshanian		Dzhulfian				Zechstein			Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	254.14
		Wuchiapingian	Laibinian		Dzhulfian				Zechstein			Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan		Midian		Capitanian		Rotliegendes			Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	259.51
		Wordian	Kuhfengian		Midian		Wordian					Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	264.28
		Wordian			Murgabian		Wordian					Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	266.2 *
		Roadian		Permian 3	Murgabian		Roadian					Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian	Permian 2	Kubergandian		Leonardian	Cathedralian					273.01
					Bolorian			Cathedralian					279.8
						Hessian		281.9 *
		Artinskian						Autunian	283.5
			Longlinian						285.4 *
					Yakhtashian				286
					Yakhtashian	Wolfcampian	Lenoxian		286.1 *
		Sakmarian			Sakmarian		Lenoxian		290.1
		Asselian	Zisongian	Permian 1	Asselian		Bursumian †		Nealian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Zisongian	Carboniferous 5		Virgilian				Late Pennsylvanian	Mapingian †		298.9
		Gzhelian				Virgilian							300.1
		Kasimovian				Missourian							303.7
		Kasimovian				Desmoinesian							305.9 *
		Moscovian		Carboniferous 4		Desmoinesian				Middle Pennsylvanian			307
		Moscovian				Atokan				Middle Pennsylvanian			312.7 *
		Bashkirian				Atokan				Early Pennsylvanian			315.2
		Bashkirian				Morrowan				Early Pennsylvanian			318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Carboniferous 3		Chesterian				Late Mississippian			323.2
		Visean		Carboniferous 2		Chesterian				Middle Mississippian			330.9
						Meramecian							335.8 *
						Osagean							343.1 *
		Tournaisian		Carboniferous 1		Osagean				Early Mississippian			346.7
		Tournaisian		Carboniferous 1		Kinderhookian				Early Mississippian			351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Devonian 5									358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		Devonian 4									372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Devonian 3									382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Devonian 3									387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		Devonian 2									393.3
		Pragian		Devonian 1									407.6
		Lochkovian		Devonian 1									410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			Silurian 2									419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian											423
	Ludlow	Gorstian											425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian											427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian											430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		Silurian 1									433.4
		Aeronian											438.5
		Rhuddanian											440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Ordovician 5									443.8
		Katian		Ordovician 5									445.2
		Sandbian		Ordovician 4									453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Ordovician 3									458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		Ordovician 2									467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Ordovician 2									470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		Ordovician 1									477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Cambrian 5									485.4
		Jiangshanian											489.5
		Paibian											494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Cambrian 4									497
		Drumian		Cambrian 4									500.5
		Wuliuan		Cambrian 3									504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4		Cambrian 3									509
	Series 2	Stage 3		Cambrian 2									514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		Cambrian 2									521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian		Cambrian 1									529
													538.8