PBDB Timescale

Permian of Western Europe

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view

There are 13 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 167 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of Western Europe	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Permian of North America		Ten Million Year Bins	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan						Cenozoic 6			0
		Northgrippian									0.0042
		Greenlandian									0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									0.0117
		Chibanian									0.129
		Calabrian									0.774
		Gelasian									1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian									2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean									3.6
	Miocene	Messinian									5.333
		Tortonian									7.246
		Serravallian						Cenozoic 5			11.63
		Langhian									13.82
		Burdigalian									15.98
		Aquitanian									20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						Cenozoic 4			23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian						Cenozoic 4			27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian						Cenozoic 3			33.9
		Bartonian						Cenozoic 3			37.71
		Lutetian						Cenozoic 2			41.2
		Ypresian						Cenozoic 2			47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian						Cenozoic 1			56
		Selandian									59.2
		Danian									61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian						Cretaceous 8			66
		Campanian						Cretaceous 7			72.1
		Santonian						Cretaceous 6			83.6
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
		Cenomanian						Cretaceous 5			93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian						Cretaceous 4			100.5
		Aptian						Cretaceous 3			113
		Barremian						Cretaceous 2			121.4
		Hauterivian						Cretaceous 2			125.77
		Valanginian						Cretaceous 1			132.6
		Berriasian						Cretaceous 1			139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Oteke	Puaroan			Jurassic 6			145
		Kimmeridgian		Oteke	Puaroan			Jurassic 5			149.2
				Kawhia	Ohauan						150
					Heterian						154.5
		Oxfordian									154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
		Callovian			Temaikan						164.3
		Bathonian						Jurassic 4			165.3
		Bajocian						Jurassic 4			168.2
		Aalenian						Jurassic 3			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian									174.7
		Toarcian		Herangi	Ururoan						176
		Pliensbachian			Ururoan			Jurassic 2			184.2
		Pliensbachian			Aratauran			Jurassic 2			188.9
		Sinemurian						Jurassic 1			192.9
		Hettangian						Jurassic 1			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Balfour	Otapirian			Triassic 4			201.4
		Norian			Warepan						208.5
					Otamitan						217
					Oretian						221
		Carnian			Oretian			Triassic 3			227
		Carnian		Gore	Kaihikuan			Triassic 3			227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Kaihikuan			Triassic 2			237
		Ladinian			Etalian						238
		Anisian			Etalian						242
		Anisian			Malakovian						246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			Malakovian			Triassic 1	Vokhmian		247.2
		Olenekian			Nelsonian						249
		Induan	251.2		Nelsonian
		Induan	DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan	Permian 4		Melekhovian	251.902
		Changhsingian		Waiitian				253.2
		Wuchiapingian		Waiitian		Zechstein		Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Puruhauan		Zechstein		Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Rotliegendes	Aparima		Flettian		Capitanian	Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	259.51
		Wordian						Wordian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	264.28
							Noginskian			264.9 *
						Barettian				266
		Roadian			Roadian			Permian 3	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			Leonardian			Cathedralian	Permian 2		273.01
						Mangapirian					276
							Pavlovoposadian				276.8 *
								Hessian			281.9 *
		Artinskian	Autunian								283.5
						Telfordian					285
					Wolfcampian			Lenoxian			286.1 *
							Rusavkinian				287.6 *
											288.5
		Sakmarian									290.1
		Asselian						Nealian	Permian 1		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							Carboniferous 5		298.9
		Kasimovian					Dorogomilovian				303.7
							Khamovnikian				304.8
							Krevyakinian				305.8 *
		Moscovian					Carboniferous 4		Myachkovian		307
									Podolskian		308.9 *
									Kashirian		311.4 *
									Vereian		313.8
									Melekessian		314.8
		Bashkirian							Melekessian		315.2
									Cheremshanian		316.9 *
									Prikamian		318.6 *
									Severokeltmian		319.9 *
									Krasnopolyanian		321.2 *
									Voznesenian		321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Carboniferous 3		Zapaltjubian		323.2
									Protvian		324.4 *
									Steshevian		326.8 *
									Tarusian		329 *
		Visean					Carboniferous 2		Venevian		330.9
									Mikhailovian		331.9 *
									Aleksinian		333.7 *
									Tulian		335.8 *
									Bobrikian		339.9 *
									Radaevkian		343.4 *
		Tournaisian					Carboniferous 1		Kosvian		346.7
									Kizelian		350.7 *
									Cherepetian		351.9 *
									Karakubian		354.4 *
									Upinian		356.3 *
									Malevkian		357.6 *
									Gumerovian		358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					Devonian 5				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					Devonian 4				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					Devonian 3				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					Devonian 3				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					Devonian 2				393.3
		Pragian					Devonian 1				407.6
		Lochkovian					Devonian 1				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						Silurian 2				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian									423
	Ludlow	Gorstian									425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian									427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian									430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					Silurian 1				433.4
		Aeronian									438.5
		Rhuddanian									440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Ordovician 5				443.8
		Katian					Ordovician 5				445.2
		Sandbian					Ordovician 4				453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					Ordovician 3				458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					Ordovician 2				467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian					Ordovician 2				470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					Ordovician 1			477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Cambrian 5			485.4
		Jiangshanian								489.5
		Paibian								494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Cambrian 4			497
		Drumian					Cambrian 4			500.5
		Wuliuan					Cambrian 3			504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4					Cambrian 3			509
	Series 2	Stage 3		Cambrian 2		514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		Cambrian 2		521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian		Cambrian 1		529
											538.8